Exploring Upper Echelons Theory and Organizational Risk
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes strategic HR management?

  • A process that emphasizes the tactical and operational aspects of achieving objectives
  • A process that involves contemplation and reflection on the organization's long-term direction
  • A process that focuses on creating detailed plans to achieve specific objectives
  • A process that ensures all HR activities align with the company's overall strategy (correct)
  • What is the main difference between strategic planning and strategic thinking?

  • Strategic planning is more focused on execution, while strategic thinking is more conceptual (correct)
  • Strategic planning is a continuous cognitive process, while strategic thinking is a structured and formalized process
  • Strategic planning emphasizes the 'what' and 'why' of an organization's future direction, while strategic thinking emphasizes the 'how'
  • Strategic planning involves exploring possibilities and assessing opportunities, while strategic thinking involves creating detailed plans and actions
  • What is the primary focus of strategic planning?

  • Exploring possibilities and assessing opportunities
  • Creating long-term plans
  • Allocating resources to meet established goals
  • Defining specific objectives and creating detailed plans (correct)
  • Which of the following best describes the focus strategy?

    <p>A strategy that targets a specific market segment and aims to meet their unique needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not one of the categories in the BCG Matrix?

    <p>Stars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the top-down approach in functional strategies?

    <p>Emphasizes centralized control and authority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an organization?

    <p>To create value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of external growth strategy?

    <p>Entering new markets with new products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of a market development strategy?

    <p>Expanding the customer base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key issue to address in a retrenchment strategy?

    <p>Increasing efficiency and cutting costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a cost leadership strategy?

    <p>Minimizing costs and increasing quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of strategy argues that an organization's resources and capabilities, rather than environmental conditions, should be the basis for organizational success?

    <p>Resource-Based Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mission statement?

    <p>To explain the organization's purpose and reason for existence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the video, what did Steve Jobs do to change industry capabilities?

    <p>Combined separate capabilities into one product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which top management examines the organization and the environment in which it operates to ensure organizational success?

    <p>Strategic Management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to the shift from manufacturing physical products to creating value through information and intellectual assets?

    <p>Knowledge Economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of companies rely heavily on specialized knowledge and expertise to create value?

    <p>Technology companies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary resource that drives the Data Economy?

    <p>Information collected from various sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metric allows determination of return on human investments relative to productivity and profitability?

    <p>Human Capital ROI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a critical source of sustainable competitive advantage?

    <p>Having appropriate systems for attracting, motivating, and managing human resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a company's market position in comparison with a similar company in the market called?

    <p>Competitive advantage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a capability in the Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm?

    <p>Technical knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why human assets (knowledge and skills) become a sustainable competitive advantage for an organization?

    <p>They are strategic at all levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Upper Echelons Theory, organizational outcomes are predicted by which of the following?

    <p>Managerial background characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loss aversion refers to which of the following?

    <p>Having a reference point for decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of economy places a central role on the production, distribution, and use of information and knowledge?

    <p>Knowledge economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When evaluating investments, organizations that take a utilitarian perspective use which analysis?

    <p>Cost-benefit analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of strategic HR management?

    <p>Managing employee performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between strategic planning and strategic thinking?

    <p>Strategic planning is more analytical, while strategic thinking is more creative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sources of unknown for organizations?

    <p>Changes in business environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of strategic management?

    <p>To establish a fit between the organization and its environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization's mission is mentioned in the text?

    <p>Google (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HR strategy in achieving organizational objectives?

    <p>To develop a consistent and aligned set of practices, policies, and programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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