60 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?
Respiration
What is the main purpose of mechanical digestion?
To physically break down food
Which of the following is an accessory digestive organ?
Liver
What is the purpose of segmentation in the GI tract?
To mix food with digestive enzymes
Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract?
Liver
What is the purpose of churning in the stomach?
To mechanically break down food
What is the main purpose of absorption in the digestive system?
To move nutrients into the bloodstream
Which layer of the GI tract contains fenestrated capillaries and lymphatic capillaries called lacteals?
Mucosa
Which layer of the GI tract is made up of two layers of smooth muscle tissue, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer?
Muscularis
Which layer of the GI tract is made up of areolar connective tissue and covers intraperitoneal organs?
Serosa
Which structure suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver and provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver?
Lesser omentum
Which structure is an apron-like structure that lies superficial to the small intestine and transverse colon, and is a site of fat deposition in people who are overweight?
Greater omentum
Which structure attaches two portions of the large intestine (the transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall?
Mesocolon
Which layer of the GI tract contains mucin-secreting glands, blood and lymph vessels, and nerves?
Submucosa
During swallowing, the uvula and soft palate elevate to block the
nasal cavity
Which structure primarily consists of skeletal muscle covered with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Tongue
Which salivary gland produces the majority of saliva?
Submandibular salivary gland
Which part of the tooth is the hardest substance in the body?
Enamel
How many permanent teeth replace the deciduous teeth?
32
Which part of the pharynx is made of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Oropharynx
Where is the esophagus located in relation to the trachea and vertebral column?
Posterior to trachea and anterior to vertebral column
Which of the following is a main function of the small intestine?
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Which region of the small intestine is mostly retroperitoneal?
Duodenum
What is the function of intestinal villi in the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients
Which layer of the small intestine contains lymph vessels, arterioles, and venules?
Submucosa
What is the main function of the large intestine?
Elimination of feces
Which region of the large intestine is retroperitoneal?
Ascending colon
What type of epithelium lines the anus?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are teniae coli and haustra in the large intestine?
Layers of muscle
Which layer of the large intestine forms 3 thin bundles called teniae coli?
Muscularis
True or false: The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown of food into small structures and molecules.
True
True or false: Mechanical digestion involves the physical breakdown of food by teeth, tongue, and muscles.
True
True or false: Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food using enzymes.
True
True or false: Motility refers to the movement of food and drinks through the digestive system.
True
True or false: Secretion is the production and release of products that aid in digestion.
True
True or false: Absorption is the movement of nutrients and water from the GI tract into the blood and lymph vessels.
True
True or false: Elimination refers to the process of getting rid of waste from the body.
True
True or false: The uvula and soft palate elevate during swallowing to block the nasal cavity.
True
True or false: The tongue primarily consists of smooth muscle covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
False
True or false: The submandibular salivary gland produces the majority of saliva.
False
True or false: The teeth are collectively called dentition and are made of enamel, dentin, and cementum.
True
True or false: The pharynx is made up of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
True
True or false: The esophagus is located anterior to the trachea and posterior to the vertebral column.
True
True or false: The stomach's mucosa has simple columnar epithelium that folds into rugae to increase surface area for digestion.
True
True or false: Peristalsis refers to waves of contractions along the GI tract that push material forward?
True
True or false: The peritoneum is a moist serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and holds digestive organs in place through folds called mesenteries?
True
True or false: Intraperitoneal organs are completely surrounded by the visceral peritoneum?
True
True or false: The greater omentum is an apron-like structure that lies superficial to the small intestine and transverse colon?
True
True or false: The muscularis mucosae is a thin layer of muscle that creates folds in the stomach and small intestine to increase surface area?
True
True or false: The muscularis layer of the GI tract is made up of two layers of smooth muscle tissue, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer?
True
True or false: The serosa is made up of areolar connective tissue and covers retroperitoneal organs?
False
True or false: The small intestine is longer but narrower in diameter compared to the large intestine.
True
True or false: The small intestine is responsible for the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
True
True or false: The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of most residual water, electrolytes, and vitamins.
True
True or false: The small intestine has three regions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
True
True or false: The large intestine has four main regions: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon.
True
True or false: The mucosa of the small intestine has simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and goblet cells.
True
True or false: The mucosa of the large intestine is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
False
True or false: The muscularis of the large intestine forms three thin bundles called teniae coli.
True
True or false: The small intestine is responsible for mechanical digestion through segmentation.
True
Study Notes
Digestive System Functions
- Mechanical digestion involves the physical breakdown of food by teeth, tongue, and muscles.
- Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food using enzymes.
- Motility refers to the movement of food and drinks through the digestive system.
- Secretion is the production and release of products that aid in digestion.
- Absorption is the movement of nutrients and water from the GI tract into the blood and lymph vessels.
- Elimination refers to the process of getting rid of waste from the body.
Oral Cavity
- The tongue primarily consists of skeletal muscle covered with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
- The submandibular salivary gland produces the majority of saliva.
Teeth
- Teeth are collectively called dentition and are made of enamel, dentin, and cementum.
Pharynx
- The pharynx is made up of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Esophagus
- The esophagus is located posterior to the trachea and anterior to the vertebral column.
Stomach
- The stomach's mucosa has simple columnar epithelium that folds into rugae to increase surface area for digestion.
- Churning in the stomach is the mechanical breakdown of food.
- The main purpose of segmentation in the GI tract is to mix food with digestive enzymes.
Small Intestine
- The small intestine is responsible for the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- The mucosa of the small intestine has simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and goblet cells.
- The muscularis layer of the small intestine is made up of two layers of smooth muscle tissue, an inner circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer.
- The main function of the small intestine is absorption.
Large Intestine
- The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of most residual water, electrolytes, and vitamins.
- The mucosa of the large intestine is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
- The muscularis of the large intestine forms three thin bundles called teniae coli.
- The main function of the large intestine is absorption and elimination.
Structures
- The greater omentum is an apron-like structure that lies superficial to the small intestine and transverse colon.
- The lesser omentum suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver and provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver.
- The mesentery attaches two portions of the large intestine (the transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall.
Test your knowledge on the structures of the mouth and how they function. Learn about the uvula and soft palate's role in blocking the nasal cavity during swallowing, as well as the tongue's functions in sound production and food manipulation.
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