6 Questions
Which of the following statements about the Gadaa system is true?
It was replaced by monarchical states among the Mecha Oromo in the early 19th century
Who formed the Gomma kingdom and what was its significance?
Abba Bokee; it was converted to Islam by Muslim Ulama/scholars
What is the significance of Moti Abishe in the Leqa states?
He established a strong kingdom of Horro
Which of the following is true about the Gadaa system in the 19th century?
It was replaced by monarchical states among the Mecha Oromo
Which of the following Leqa states was formed by Moti Abishe?
Horro
Which of the following kingdoms in South-Central Ethiopia was converted to Islam by Muslim Ulama/scholars?
Gomma
Study Notes
Political and Economic Developments in South-Central and Leqa Regions of Ethiopia in the 19th Century
- Hadiya, Halaba, Kambata, and Gurage were autonomous and semi-autonomous political entities in South-Central Ethiopia that relied on agriculture and local and long-distance trade.
- The Gurage land was an important market center and political entity with its own political organization and leaders holding the titles of Abegaz or Azmatch.
- Qabena emerged as a Muslim revivalist movement in South-Central Ethiopia in the second half of the 19th century, spreading Islam across the region.
- Monarchical states emerged among the Mecha Oromo in the Gibe region in the early 19th century, replacing the Gadaa system.
- The war leaders of the Gadaa system (Abba-Dula) and powerful individuals usurped the power of the Gadaa government, accumulating wealth from controlling and taxing long-distance trade to establish hereditary leadership.
- Limmu-Enarya was the earliest of the Gibe states, founded through the incorporation of Enarya, and reached the height of its power during the reign of Ibsa/Abba Bagiboo.
- Guma was formed by Jilcha Abba Bal’oo of Chira, who killed Sarbaroda of Dagoye clan, and was succeeded by Oncho and then Jawwe.
- Gomma was formed by Abba Bokee and converted to Islam by Muslim Ulama/scholars.
- Jimma was formed by Sanna/Abba Jifar I, who left a consolidated state to his successors like Tullu/Abba Jifar II, and its economy depended on agriculture, trade, and iron mining and smelting.
- Gera was the last of the Gibe kingdoms to be formed, and its process of state formation was completed during the reign of Tullu Gunji, who made himself king.
- Leqa states were monarchical kingdoms that evolved among the Mecha Oromo of Wallagga, with Moti Abishe establishing a strong kingdom of Horro and several Abba Dula declaring themselves moti (king).
- The Sibu and the Jawwi, south of the Abbay River, were among the other prominent Leqa states.
Test your knowledge of the political and economic developments in South-Central and Leqa regions of Ethiopia in the 19th century with this informative quiz. From the emergence of monarchical states among the Mecha Oromo to the spread of Islam through the Qabena movement, this quiz covers a range of fascinating topics. Learn about autonomous and semi-autonomous political entities like Hadiya, Halaba, Kambata, and Gurage, as well as the formation and evolution of kingdoms like G
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