Exploring the Essentials

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According to the text, which moral theory focuses on the results or consequence of our actions and treats intentions as irrelevant?

Epicureanism

Utilitarianism (correct)

Consequentialism

Hedonism

According to the text, who are the main proponents of Utilitarianism?

Epicurus

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill (correct)

The principle of utility

18th century Greeks

According to the text, what is the principle of utility in Utilitarianism?

Choosing the greatest good for the greatest number of people (correct)

Treating intentions as irrelevant

Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain

Being self-centered

Which moral theory emphasizes the pre-eminence of the individual's character rather than following a set of rules?

Virtue Ethics Signup and view all the answers

According to Immanuel Kant, moral obligations are derived from what?

Reason Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of the Categorical Imperative states that one should act only according to that maxim which can be willed to become a universal law without contradiction?

Universalizability Principle Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates human acts from acts of man, according to St. Thomas Aquinas?

Responsibility Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, ignorance is divided into two categories:

Invincible and vincible Signup and view all the answers

What circumstance refers to the special quality of the direct object of an act?

Circumstance of thing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an impediment to human freedom according to the text?

Ignorance Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between 'acts of man' and 'human act' according to the text?

Acts of man are uncontrollable, while human acts are controllable. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential elements of a human act?

Violence Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of freedom according to St. Augustine?

The availability of alternatives Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of voluntariness?

External coercion Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between directly voluntary and indirectly voluntary acts?

Directly voluntary acts are intended as an end in themselves, while indirectly voluntary acts are not intended but merely permitted. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, what are the three sources of morality?

a) Object of the act itself, b) Intention or the end of the act, c) Circumstances of the act Signup and view all the answers

Which element of a moral evaluation resides in the acting subject and determines the action by its end?

b) Intention or the end of the act Signup and view all the answers

What is the material element of a human act or the 'substance of the moral act'?

a) Object of the act itself Signup and view all the answers

What are the secondary elements of a moral act that contribute to increasing or diminishing its moral goodness or evilness?

c) Circumstances of the act Signup and view all the answers