Chapter 1: Ethical Theories Quiz

<p>It can become inflexible in the face of dramatic consequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning and practice within communities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entitlement to fundamental rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prioritizes intentions over outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can conflict with moral intuitions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on the consequences of actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It favors certain groups over others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The happiness of all concerned. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is difficult to predict or measure consequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The greater good for the greatest number. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilitarianism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choosing principles behind a veil of ignorance about social status and abilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilitarianism incorporates the pursuit of happiness for all. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Will we be better or worse off overall considering the consequences? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to the neglect of individual rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethics of duty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theories of justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental human rights and the need for dignity of all. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents individuals from making bias decisions based on personal circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethics of duty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple ethical theories including duties, rights, and consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By assessing whether the action aligns with a moral norm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An action is right if it can become a universal law. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deontological theories evaluate actions based on moral duties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential for positive outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans should be treated as ends in themselves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right to privacy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It respects the intrinsic value of every person. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral standards should be applied consistently to all situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Describe the situation in a value-neutral manner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employee performance reviews (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upload them to Moodle by a specified date (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast, automated emotional judgments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are considered irrelevant to rationality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflicting values such as honesty versus personal gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participation in the group discussion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It derives from an innate sense of morality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive moral development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of severity of the ethical issue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rewards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Locus of control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presentation of the ethical issue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time frame in which an ethical decision must be made (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration of effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability of effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A theory that holds that the morality of an action is determined solely by its consequences.

A theory that states that pleasure or happiness is the ultimate good and the aim of moral action.

A theory that states that the best action is the one that produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.

A theory that states that moral principles should apply equally to all people, regardless of their social position, culture, or other factors.

A hypothetical, impartial observer who is able to judge the morality of an action from a perspective that is free from bias and self-interest.

An ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of promoting well-being and happiness for all individuals, regardless of their individual characteristics.

A major advantage of Utilitarianism is that it provides clear guidelines for making ethical decisions.

A major disadvantage of Utilitarianism is that it can sometimes lead to morally questionable outcomes in certain situations.

Moral rules that determine the rightness or wrongness of an action, regardless of its consequences.

A rule that should be followed consistently by everyone, regardless of consequences.

The idea that human beings should be treated with dignity and respect, as rational beings.

A moral framework that emphasizes the importance of fulfilling moral obligations.

A moral principle that states that you should act only according to rules that you would want everyone to follow.

The belief that actions must be consistent with rational principles, regardless of personal feelings or emotions.

Focuses on the character of the person making the decision rather than the actions themselves.

A person's character traits that enable them to act in ways that contribute to their well-being and flourishing.

Virtue ethics is flexible and adaptable to different situations because it does not rely on rigid rules.

Virtue ethics encourages individuals to act out of genuine moral motivation rather than merely following rules or seeking to avoid punishment.

Virtue ethics has an optimistic and self-affirming interpretation of ethics: a virtuous character can be developed within all of us through the right habits.

Virtue ethics doesn't always provide clear guidance on what to do in moral dilemmas or when virtues conflict with each other.

Virtue ethics' reliance on individual judgment and personal interpretation of what constitutes a virtuous character can result in inconsistent moral evaluations and actions.

Every human being has a set of fundamental rights that should be protected, such as the right to life, freedom, and property.

The idea that justice requires distributing benefits and burdens fairly amongst individuals, assigning rights, and distributing social goods like jobs, income, and wealth in an equitable manner.

A thought experiment where individuals are blind to their social standing, natural abilities, and wealth before deciding on principles of justice. This ensures fairness as individuals are not influenced by their own circumstances.

An approach to ethics that emphasizes our duties and obligations to others. It focuses on following moral rules and principles, regardless of the potential consequences.

A way of making ethical decisions by considering multiple ethical theories. It aims to find a balance between different ethical considerations.

The idea that everyone should have an equal chance in life and that processes should be fair. It addresses disparities and aims to create a level playing field.

Personal values, psychological factors, locus of control, and cognitive moral development are key individual factors that influence ethical decision-making.

National and cultural characteristics, such as those outlined by Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, can influence ethical decision-making.

The magnitude of consequences, social consensus, probability of effect, temporal immediacy, proximity, and concentration of effect are all elements of moral intensity, which strongly influences ethical decision-making.

Moral framing refers to the way language is used to describe an ethical issue, which can influence how people perceive its ethical nature.

Context-related factors such as rewards, punishments, and the organizational culture can influence ethical behavior.

Ethical dilemmas arise when there is a clash between two or more values, making it difficult to choose the right course of action.

It examines how ethical decisions are made in real-world contexts, particularly in business.

Describing a situation in a value-neutral manner means presenting the facts without adding your own opinions or judgments.

This approach emphasizes the importance of individual reason and logic in making ethical decisions.