40 Questions
During the decline of the Safavid Dynasty, which two empires were able to seize territories from the Safavids?
Ottoman and Russian
Who declared himself Shah of Persia after the Afghan forces sacked Isfahan?
Mahmud
What was one of the reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Corruption and failure to keep up with military innovations
Who inherited an empire weakened by corruption and the failure to keep up with military innovations?
Aurangzeb
What did Aurangzeb hope to achieve during his rule?
Increase the size of the empire and bring all of India under Muslim rule
What were some of the uprisings during Aurangzeb's rule sparked by?
Intolerance of minority religions
Which two empires were able to gain more economic power in India after the decline of the Mughal Empire?
British and French
Who replaced the Safavid Dynasty after its decline?
Zand Dynasty
What was one of the consequences of the rebellion by the heavily oppressed Sunni Pashtuns in present-day Afghanistan?
Sacking of Isfahan
What was one of the reasons for the weakened economy during the decline of the Safavid Dynasty?
Lavish lifestyles and military spending
Which industry did Peter the Great encourage in Russia?
Metallurgy
What did Peter the Great do to raise revenue for his military ventures?
Raised taxes
In which empire did tax farmers grow wealthy and corrupt from skimming money from the taxes?
Ottoman Empire
What type of tax was collected in the Ming Dynasty?
Land tax
What was the main form of tax collected in the Ming Dynasty?
Grains
Which empire collected tributes as a way to demand recognition of their power and authority?
Aztec Empire
Which empire had tributary states in the Niger Valley?
Songhai Empire
Which empire replaced the Safavid Dynasty after its decline?
Mughal Empire
What was one of the reasons for the economic decline of the Ottoman Empire?
All of the above
What were some of the uprisings during Aurangzeb's rule sparked by?
Religious conflicts
During the Scientific Revolution, scientific thinking was based on reason rather than faith. Which scientist developed an early scientific method called empiricism?
Francis Bacon
Which ruler tried to prohibit child marriages and sati, the ritual in which widows killed themselves by jumping on the funeral pyres of their husbands?
Akbar
Which religion did Akbar try to promote to reconcile Hinduism and Islam?
Din-i Ilahi
Which two branches of Christianity had a major schism in 1054 C.E.?
Roman Catholics and Orthodox
Which ruler is regarded as one of the world's outstanding rulers and encouraged learning, art, architecture, and literature?
Akbar
Which empire did not successfully convert its Hindu and Islamic subjects to the religion called Din-i Ilahi?
Mughal Empire
Which two branches of Islam had a major schism in 632 C.E.?
Sunni and Shi'a
Which two branches of Christianity had a major schism in 1517 C.E.?
Roman Catholics and Protestants
Which scientist combined Galileo's laws of terrestrial motion and Kepler's laws of planetary motion to publish Principia in 1687?
Isaac Newton
Which scientist developed an early scientific method called empiricism, challenging traditional ideas with evidence-based thinking?
Francis Bacon
Which empire declined due to their inability to compete with European trading companies and resolve conflicts of heirs motivated by harem politics?
Gunpowder Empires
Which factor contributed to the decline of the Gunpowder Empires?
All of the above
What was one of the consequences of the decline of the Gunpowder Empires?
Loss of authority
Which two land-based empires went to war over territorial claims and religious differences?
Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire
Which two land-based empires used enslaved soldiers to offset the power of disloyal troops?
Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire
Which land-based empires had a centralized bureaucracy to control their diverse populations?
Mughal India and Mongol Empire
Which land-based empire used tax farming as a method of revenue collection?
Ottoman Empire
Which land-based empire relied on tributes from surrounding areas as a main source of revenue?
Aztec Empire
Which land-based empire used the collection of 'hard currency' as a means of tax payment?
Mughal Empire
Which land-based empire appointed tax officers called zamindars to collect taxes from the peasant class based on land and production?
Mughal Empire
Study Notes
Expansion of European, East Asian, and Gunpowder Empires
- Gunpowder Empires were large, multiethnic states in Asia that relied on firearms for conquest and control.
- The Gunpowder Empires included the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires, all of which had a strong Islamic influence.
- Suleiman the Magnificent was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire at its height, known for leading military campaigns and promoting religious worship.
- The Gunpowder Empires were militaristic but also left behind impressive artistic and architectural legacies.
- The Qing Empire in China also expanded and had periods of stability, despite facing invasions.
- Europe experienced political and economic development in the 1500s, with new monarchies emerging and overseas explorations and colonies being established.
- Russia was in a pivotal position for trade and had influences from both Europe and Asia.
- Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible, expanded the Russian border eastward using gunpowder.
- Russia gained control of the Volga River and expanded further into Siberia, reaching the Pacific Ocean by 1639.
- China's Ming Dynasty expanded its territory but faced opposition from Mongol armies and relied on the Great Wall for protection.
- Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty expanded China's territory through military campaigns and established control over Tibet.
- Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty continued military campaigns, but conflicts with the West and internal issues led to economic and social unrest in China.
Test your knowledge of Tamerlane and his architectural legacy in Samarkand with this quiz. Explore the significance of gunpowder in his invasions and the lasting impact on the region's history.
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