Exploring Self-Awareness and Consciousness
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Questions and Answers

The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes

self-concept

Knowing we are an entity o Distinguishing ourselves from other people

basic level

Do non-human animals have a self

mirror test

Self-recognition develops between 18-24 months of age

<p>humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-concept increases in complexity as we grow older

<p>self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organized body of knowledge about the self that influences what people notice, think, and remember

<p>self-schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Includes attitudes, preferences, traits

<p>self-schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

O Consciousness is _______

<p>self-reflexive</p> Signup and view all the answers

O More attitude-behaviour congruence when reminded of _______

<p>self</p> Signup and view all the answers

O Cultural Differences in Self _______

<p>Awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

O People may not know why they feel or behave as they do o Products, but not the processes, of _______ are accessible

<p>cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

O Theories about the causes of one’s own feelings and behaviours o Can come from _______

<p>culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

O We can know about ourselves by observing our own _______

<p>behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

O The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures.  _______ Motivation

<p>Intrinsic Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-schemas can bias our memory o We see (or remember) ourselves positively Example: Peters & Gawronski (2011) o Ps were led to believe that extraversion or introversion is superior o Generate explanations for why the trait was better o Ps were more likely to see themselves as possessing ______ trait

<p>superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-Concept Clarity: o The extent to which knowledge about the self is stable and clearly and consistently ______

<p>defined</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low Self-Clarity is associated with: o o o o o Low self-esteem Higher depression and neuroticism Lower reflection (positive); more ______ (negative) Higher belief in achieving happiness through external sources More ______

<p>rumination</p> Signup and view all the answers

High Self-Clarity is associated with: o Higher self-esteem o Higher life satisfaction o More ______

<p>self-compassion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-concept clarity can decrease in adolescence and then increase in ______

<p>adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Independent view of the self: o Defining oneself in terms of one’s own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions, and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings and actions of other ______

<p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interdependent view of the self: o Defining oneself in terms of one’s relationships to other people; recognizing that one’s behaviour is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of ______

<p>others</p> Signup and view all the answers

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