Exploring Our Solar System and Beyond

Study Notes

Our solar system is located in a peaceful area of the galaxy, but this wasn't always the case. About two million years ago, a violent supernova explosion occurred 150 light-years away, resulting in significant radiation that affected Earth, causing mass extinctions.
The solar system, including Earth, is located in the Orion-Sagittarius and Perseus arms of the Milky Way, which is a spiral galaxy.
The solar system is moving around the center of the galaxy at a velocity of 220-250 kilometers per second and makes one rotation around the galaxy every 225 million years.
The Milky Way is about 3,500 light-years wide and 10,000 light-years long.
The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star, which is about 4.6 billion years old and has a mass of about 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg.
The solar system is surrounded by the Local Interstellar Cloud, a dense region of gas and dust that is about 300 light-years in diameter and is thought to have originated from a supernova that occurred about 10-20 million years ago.
There are around 400 stars within 30 light-years of the Sun, and about 24 of these stars are similar to the Sun.
Alpha Centauri is the closest star system to the Sun, located about 4.37 light-years away, and has three stars, including Proxima Centauri, which is an M-type star and is the closest potentially habitable exoplanet to Earth.
Alpha Centauri system also has a Jupiter-mass planet, which is located in the habitable zone and could potentially have liquid water.
The closest potentially habitable exoplanet to Earth is Proxima b, located in the Alpha Centauri system, which is about 4.2 light-years away. It is an Earth-sized planet orbiting within the star's habitable zone, also known as the goldilocks zone.
Alpha Centauri system is also home to Alpha Centauri AB, a binary star system consisting of two stars orbiting each other, and Proxima Centauri, which is an M-type main-sequence star, making it the closest star to Earth that is potentially habitable.
Alpha Centauri system is also the target of future space exploration missions, such as Breakthrough Starshot, which aims to send a fleet of tiny spacecraft to the system at high speeds using a powerful laser.
There are also other potentially habitable exoplanets in the solar neighborhood, such as Teegarden 1, which is an M-dwarf star located about 12.5 light-years away, and the TRAPPIST-1 system, which is a ultra-cool dwarf star located about 39.5 light-years away and hosts seven potentially habitable planets.
The closest potentially habitable exoplanet to Earth, Proxima b, is believed to have an atmosphere and could potentially support liquid water, although this has not been definitively confirmed yet.
The nearest potentially habitable exoplanet to Earth, Proxima b, is also the target of future space exploration missions, such as the Breakthrough Starshot project, which aims to send a fleet of tiny spacecraft to the system at high speeds using a powerful laser.
The study of potentially habitable exoplanets is an active area of research, and new discoveries are being made regularly.
The discovery of potentially habitable exoplanets is significant because they could potentially harbor extraterrestrial life and could serve as our next home in the future.
The search for potentially habitable exoplanets is also driving advances in space technology, such as more powerful telescopes and new space exploration techniques.- A small percentage of the distance to Proxima Centauri, if it were the destination, would take 74 million years to reach at the current velocity.
Project Breakthrough Starshot: sends a fleet of micro-sondas with solar sails propelled by powerful ground-based lasers.
Capable of accelerating to 20% of the speed of light, reaching Proxima Centauri in 21 years and receiving data back in 42 years.
Spaceships are currently a more complex proposition considering our technology and atomic propulsion.
Humans are lost in the vast cosmic sea surrounded by other stars and interesting destinations.
No solution for space travel between stars has been discovered yet, as the distance is too great and many challenges remain.
The Earth remains in orbit around the Sun, appreciating its beauty as a tiny point in the Milky Way.
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cosmic hug to all. [Music] .