Exploring Mars

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Which planet did NASA's Mariner 9 probe become the first spacecraft to orbit?

Venus
Mars (correct)
Jupiter
Saturn

What did the mission engineers use as a reference point to measure altitude on Mars?

Sea level
The average atmospheric pressure on Mars
The highest point on Mars
The minimum atmospheric pressure for liquid water to exist (correct)

What are the basic assumptions for a gas to be considered ideal?

The gas molecules interact with each other continuously.
The total volume of the gas molecules is much less than the volume of the container they're in. (correct)
The total volume of the gas molecules is much greater than the volume of the container they're in.
The collisions between gas molecules are not perfectly elastic.

Which phase of water is represented by the triangle in the middle of the phase diagram?

Liquid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical temperature of water?

647 Kelvin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the triple point of water?

The temperature and pressure at which water can exist in three phases at once (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why was the pressure of the triple point of water used as the reference point for mapping Mars?

To identify places where liquid water could exist on Mars (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the kinetic theory of gases, the average kinetic energy of ideal gas molecules in a container is equal to

half of a molecule's mass times the average squared velocity of the molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for finding the root mean square speed of a gas molecule?

$\sqrt{3 \cdot k \cdot T / m}$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of a real gas compared to an ideal gas at higher pressures and lower temperatures?

The volume of a real gas is less than the volume of an ideal gas (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of heat transfer discussed in the text?

Evaporation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of clothes in relation to heat transfer?

To reduce the amount of heat lost through radiation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did you learn about in addition to thermal energy and heat?

Both temperature changes and phase changes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting heat flow?

Evaporation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three methods of heat transfer mentioned in the text?

Conduction, convection, radiation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason given in the text to stay dressed whenever possible?

To reduce the amount of heat lost through radiation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does thermal energy refer to?

The total energy of a system due to the motion of particles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between temperature changes and phase changes mentioned in the text?

Temperature changes and phase changes are both caused by heat flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting heat transfer?

Evaporation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clothes in relation to heat transfer mentioned in the text?