Exploring Health Determinants and Indigenous Health in Canada
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Questions and Answers

According to the World Health Organization, which of the following best describes their definition of health?

  • Health is the complete physical, social, and mental well-being (correct)
  • Health is the ability to perform daily tasks
  • Health is the absence of disease
  • Health is the state of being disease-free

    • Which model of health considers all parts of health and is used by alternative health practitioners?

  • Holistic model (correct)
  • Eudamonistic model
  • Wellness model
  • Social-ecological model

    • Which model of health focuses on factors that enhance and protect an individual's health, such as life experiences and stress?

  • Wellness model
  • Holistic model
  • Social-ecological model
  • Salutogenic model (correct)

    • Which model of health believes that illness prevents an individual from reaching their potential and true self?

    <p>Eudamonistic model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of health looks at health very broadly, considering the interactions between individuals, groups, communities, and the environment?

    <p>Social-ecological model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach of social marketing focuses on education and policy to promote health behaviors?

    <p>Product approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach of social marketing considers the time, effort, and cost that goes into education and policy?

    <p>Price approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach of social marketing focuses on where the advertising is placed?

    <p>Place approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach of social marketing focuses on the types of promotion used to promote health behaviors?

    <p>Promotion approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the additional 'p's' in social marketing?

    <p>Public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory focuses on individuals and meaning through interaction?

    <p>Symbolic interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory assumes that health and illness are social constructs?

    <p>Symbolic interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory rejects the idea of one truth that can be uncovered or known?

    <p>Postmodernism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory focuses on the conflict over power, land, and resources?

    <p>Conflict theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which model of healthcare focuses on physical health and downplays social and psychological illness?

    <p>Biomedical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which model of healthcare emphasizes the social and environmental factors that contribute to health?

    <p>Social model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory focuses on the society as a bunch of moving parts that move as one?

    <p>Structural functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory focuses on the agency perspective and the development of identity through how others perceive them?

    <p>Symbolic interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory emphasizes the subjective nature of reality and the rejection of one truth that can be uncovered or known?

    <p>Postmodernism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which sociological theory focuses on the conflict over power, land, and resources, and attributes social and economic circumstances to systemic and structured racism?

    <p>Conflict theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which model of health emphasizes the role of agriculture and living conditions in addition to medicine?

    <p>The social model of health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are risk factors according to the text?

    <p>Individual causes of health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are social determinants of health according to the text?

    <p>Social causes of health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some criticisms of the social model of health according to the text?

    <p>Unfeasibility of pushing for social change, overemphasis on the medical approach, complexity of short-term solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three perspectives on health mentioned in the text?

    <p>Structural factors, agency factors, trajectory factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of religious groups and volunteers in healthcare in Canada according to the text?

    <p>Providing healthcare services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Medical Care Act of 1966 in Canada do according to the text?

    <p>Expanded healthcare coverage to all provinces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Lalonde Report in 1974 challenge according to the text?

    <p>The biomedical model of healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Ottawa Charter in 1986 outline according to the text?

    <p>Principles of health promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Canada Health Act of 1984 set conditions for according to the text?

    <p>Provinces to receive federal contributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Health Determinants and Indigenous Health in Canada

    • Thomas McKeown developed the social model of health, which emphasizes the role of agriculture and living conditions in addition to medicine in contributing to health.
    • Risk factors are individual causes of health issues, while social determinants of health are social causes.
    • Social determinants of health include societal production and distribution, social constructs, and social organization.
    • Criticisms of the social model of health include the unfeasibility of pushing for social change, overemphasis on the medical approach, and the complexity of short-term solutions.
    • Perspectives on health include structural factors (economic and political), agency factors (social interaction and life perspectives), and trajectory factors (long-term patterns with turning points).
    • The history of healthcare in Canada includes religious groups and volunteers providing healthcare services, minimal government involvement until the British North American Act of 1867, and the establishment of medical schools and hospitals after the Flexner Report in 1910.
    • The introduction of Medicare by Tommy Douglas in 1947 addressed the government's failure to provide medical care, and the Medical Care Act of 1966 expanded healthcare coverage to all provinces.
    • The Lalonde Report in 1974 challenged the biomedical model of healthcare and emphasized the importance of lifestyle, environment, and healthcare organization in promoting health.
    • The Alma ATA declaration in 1978 recognized primary healthcare as key to health and established principles for healthcare.
    • The World Health Organization's definition of health in 1984 emphasized health as a resource for everyday living and the role of social and personal resources.
    • The Canada Health Act of 1984 set conditions for provinces to receive federal contributions, including public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility.
    • The Ottawa Charter in 1986 outlined principles of health promotion, including creating supportive environments, reorienting health services, developing personal skills, strengthening community action, and building healthy public policies.
    • The role of governments in healthcare includes federal delivery of healthcare to specific groups, healthcare financing for provinces, enforcement of compliance with the Canada Health Act, and national policy and programming. Indigenous health is impacted by systemic racism, colonialism, and treaties. Assessing population health involves measuring indicators such as life expectancy, disease rates, and mortality rates. Health promotion aims to achieve a high level of well-being and actualization through a holistic approach and empowerment. The health belief model explores why people take preventative actions, while the transtheoretical model identifies stages of behavior change. Social determinants of health include income, social status, education, employment, physical environments, biology, personal health practices, gender, culture, and social environments. Indigenous health in Canada is affected by disparities in education, poverty, and socioeconomic status, but there are also strengths within Indigenous communities to overcome these barriers.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on health determinants and Indigenous health in Canada with this informative quiz. Learn about social determinants of health, historical milestones in Canadian healthcare, key reports and declarations, and the impact of systemic racism on Indigenous health. Discover the factors that influence population health and explore models of behavior change. Gain insights into the challenges faced by Indigenous communities and the strengths they possess.

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