63 Questions
By what age can infants typically distinguish male voices from female voices?
12 months
Gender differences are believed to be primarily based on which factors?
Social and cultural factors
What term refers to the shared cultural expectations that outline the attitudes and behaviors a typical male or female should display?
Gender role
Gender stereotypes are beliefs and expectations about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of whom?
Both men and women
What does a person's gender identity refer to?
Psychological sense of being male or female
According to the passage, what are the two components of ambivalent sexism?
Hostile and benevolent sexism
What does the concept of benevolent sexism refer to, according to the passage?
The perception that women need to be protected, supported, and adored by men
What is a difference between males and females based mostly on biological factors called?
Sex differences
According to the passage, what proportion of people are considered androgynous in terms of their gender role orientation?
30%
What is the main difference between masculinity and femininity according to the passage?
Masculinity and femininity are two different continuums
What was the main question that researchers started asking in the 1970s about what it means to be a man or a woman, according to the passage?
What if you could be both sensitive and assertive, strong and caring?
According to the passage, what is the relationship between gender stereotypes and culture?
Gender stereotypes are found across cultures, with males associated with stronger and more active characteristics than females
What does the text suggest about gender and sex differences?
Gender differences are societally based while sex differences are biologically determined.
What does the text imply about the prevalence of male nurses and female truck drivers in Canada?
A small percentage of Canadian nurses are male, while a minimal percentage of Canadian truck drivers are female.
What is the concept of androgyny as presented in the text?
Being both sensitive and assertive, independent but caring.
What does the text suggest about gender norms and traits according to the 2019 survey mentioned?
Having both masculine and feminine traits is advantageous for girls and women but not for boys and men.
How are biological differences between men and women portrayed in the text?
Biologically, men and women have differing brain structures even before birth.
How are boys and girls treated differently socially according to the text?
Even before birth, boys and girls are treated differently in society.
According to Bem's Gender Schema Theory, what is the primary reason why children have such encompassing gender schemas?
Because adults use gender to organize the world in unnecessary ways.
What is the key premise of Developmental Intergroup Theory, as described in the text?
Adults' focus on gender leads children to seek out gender differences and form rigid stereotypes.
What is the relationship between gender stereotypes and gender discrimination or sexual harassment?
Gender stereotypes can lead to gender discrimination, and when those behaviors include sexual behaviors, it is called sexual harassment.
How does Sandra Bem's Gender Schema Theory explain the development of gender-typed behaviors in children?
Children develop gender-typed behaviors because they are more likely to remember schema-consistent behaviors and attributes.
What is the key difference between Bem's Gender Schema Theory and Bigler's Developmental Intergroup Theory in explaining the development of children's gender schemas?
Bem's theory suggests that gender-typed behaviors are a result of schema-consistent memory, while Bigler's theory focuses on the formation of rigid stereotypes.
How do the theories of Bem and Bigler differ in their explanations of the development of children's gender schemas?
Bem's theory suggests that gender-typed behaviors are a result of schema-consistent memory, while Bigler's theory explains the formation of rigid stereotypes.
What is the term used to describe the processes by which children acquire attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and skills appropriate for their gender?
Socialization
According to the cognitive development theory, at what age do children typically achieve gender stability?
4 years
Which theory proposes that children develop gender schemas, or mental representations of what it means to be male or female?
Gender schema theory
According to Rebecca Bigler's work, what can influence children's gender stereotypes and attitudes?
All of the above
What term refers to the beliefs and expectations people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women?
Gender stereotypes
Which concept refers to a person's psychological sense of being male or female?
Gender identity
What is the term used to describe the stage when a child knows their gender but may not understand that it is consistent over time?
Gender self-labelling
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at what age does a child typically reach gender stability?
By four years of age
In Sandra Bem's Gender Schema Theory, what are children actively organizing into gender categories known as?
Gender schemas
What is the term used to describe a child's realization that they can engage in activities stereotypically associated with the opposite gender while still identifying with their own gender?
Gender consistency
Based on the text, which psychologist is known for her work on gender and developed the Bem Sex Role Inventory?
Sandra Bem
"Once a child fully realizes 'I can’t change gender the way I change clothes,' she really focuses on modeling her gender" refers to which concept in Kohlberg's theory?
Gender constancy
What term refers to the beliefs and expectations people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women?
Gender stereotypes
Which of the following is considered a form of sexism according to the passage?
Both A and C are forms of sexism mentioned
According to the passage, at what age can infants typically distinguish between male and female voices?
12 months
What term describes the processes through which children acquire gender-appropriate attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and skills?
Gender socialization
According to the passage, what factors are gender differences primarily based on?
Social and cultural factors
What does the term 'gender typing' refer to in the context of the passage?
The processes by which children learn gender roles
According to the passage, what is a major factor contributing to gender discrimination and sexual harassment among young people?
Early socialization and peer pressure to conform to gender stereotypes
What does the passage suggest about the role of parents in perpetuating gender stereotypes?
Parents talk to sons and daughters differently, reinforcing stereotypical interests
Which type of sexism is characterized by subjectively positive but patronizing attitudes toward women?
Benevolent sexism
Based on the passage, what is a key factor in the development of gender-typed behaviors in children?
Active organization of information into gender schemas or mental representations
According to the passage, what is a potential consequence of not conforming to gender stereotypes during childhood?
Increased risk of bullying and rejection by peers
What is the primary difference between benevolent sexism and hostile sexism?
Benevolent sexism views women as needing protection and support, while hostile sexism views women as inferior to men.
How are gender roles evolving based on the text?
Gender roles are expanding to allow individuals to express characteristics from both masculinity and femininity continuums.
What is a characteristic of androgynous individuals?
They exhibit traits from both masculine and feminine continuums.
How do cultural attitudes towards gender stereotypes vary according to the text?
Cultural backgrounds can influence the presence and strength of gender stereotypes.
Which statement best captures the trend in gender associations across different cultures?
Across cultures, males are typically associated with stronger and more active characteristics compared to females.
What does the text imply about the social acceptance of benevolent sexism compared to hostile sexism?
Hostile sexism is more socially acceptable than benevolent sexism.
What is a common form of sexual harassment experienced by most high school students?
Having their body parts rated
Based on the text, what topic do parents discuss more frequently with their sons compared to their daughters?
Science
By what age do children typically begin playing in gender-segregated play groups?
Age 3
What is a consequence of being perceived as 'gender atypical' during childhood?
Facing higher likelihood of bullying and rejection
Which of the following is a behavior that parents are more likely to discuss with their daughters than with their sons?
Emotions
What skills do girls develop earlier than boys?
Language and Verbal Skills
What can Children do by the age of 1?
Can distinguish faces by gender
What behaviour or belief is common in children from the ages of 8 to 9?
Begin to be more flexible in gender stereotypes
Children from the ages of 3-6 develop which of the following beliefs or behaviours?
Develop Gender constancy and rigidly adhere to gender stereotypes
What attitude/belief do 3-year-olds have about gender?
Can identify their own gender and believe sex is determined by external attributes.
Discover the complexities of gender roles and stereotypes in Canadian society. Explore the differences between biological sex and societal gender constructs through examples like male nurses and female truck drivers. Challenge your understanding of gender by examining the concept of androgyny.
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