Exploring Gender Roles and Stereotypes in Canada

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By what age can infants typically distinguish male voices from female voices?

18 months

12 months (correct)

6 months

24 months

Gender differences are believed to be primarily based on which factors?

Biological factors

Genetic factors

Environmental factors

Social and cultural factors (correct)

What term refers to the shared cultural expectations that outline the attitudes and behaviors a typical male or female should display?

Androgyny

Gender typing

Gender role (correct)

Gender identity

Gender stereotypes are beliefs and expectations about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of whom?

Both men and women Signup and view all the answers

What does a person's gender identity refer to?

Psychological sense of being male or female Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what are the two components of ambivalent sexism?

Hostile and benevolent sexism Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of benevolent sexism refer to, according to the passage?

The perception that women need to be protected, supported, and adored by men Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference between males and females based mostly on biological factors called?

Sex differences Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what proportion of people are considered androgynous in terms of their gender role orientation?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between masculinity and femininity according to the passage?

Masculinity and femininity are two different continuums Signup and view all the answers

What was the main question that researchers started asking in the 1970s about what it means to be a man or a woman, according to the passage?

What if you could be both sensitive and assertive, strong and caring? Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the relationship between gender stereotypes and culture?

Gender stereotypes are found across cultures, with males associated with stronger and more active characteristics than females Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about gender and sex differences?

Gender differences are societally based while sex differences are biologically determined. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the prevalence of male nurses and female truck drivers in Canada?

A small percentage of Canadian nurses are male, while a minimal percentage of Canadian truck drivers are female. Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of androgyny as presented in the text?

Being both sensitive and assertive, independent but caring. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about gender norms and traits according to the 2019 survey mentioned?

Having both masculine and feminine traits is advantageous for girls and women but not for boys and men. Signup and view all the answers

How are biological differences between men and women portrayed in the text?

Biologically, men and women have differing brain structures even before birth. Signup and view all the answers

How are boys and girls treated differently socially according to the text?

Even before birth, boys and girls are treated differently in society. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bem's Gender Schema Theory, what is the primary reason why children have such encompassing gender schemas?

Because adults use gender to organize the world in unnecessary ways. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key premise of Developmental Intergroup Theory, as described in the text?

Adults' focus on gender leads children to seek out gender differences and form rigid stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between gender stereotypes and gender discrimination or sexual harassment?

Gender stereotypes can lead to gender discrimination, and when those behaviors include sexual behaviors, it is called sexual harassment. Signup and view all the answers

How does Sandra Bem's Gender Schema Theory explain the development of gender-typed behaviors in children?

Children develop gender-typed behaviors because they are more likely to remember schema-consistent behaviors and attributes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Bem's Gender Schema Theory and Bigler's Developmental Intergroup Theory in explaining the development of children's gender schemas?

Bem's theory suggests that gender-typed behaviors are a result of schema-consistent memory, while Bigler's theory focuses on the formation of rigid stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

How do the theories of Bem and Bigler differ in their explanations of the development of children's gender schemas?

Bem's theory suggests that gender-typed behaviors are a result of schema-consistent memory, while Bigler's theory explains the formation of rigid stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the processes by which children acquire attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and skills appropriate for their gender?

Socialization Signup and view all the answers

According to the cognitive development theory, at what age do children typically achieve gender stability?

4 years Signup and view all the answers

Which theory proposes that children develop gender schemas, or mental representations of what it means to be male or female?

Gender schema theory Signup and view all the answers

According to Rebecca Bigler's work, what can influence children's gender stereotypes and attitudes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the beliefs and expectations people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women?

Gender stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to a person's psychological sense of being male or female?

Gender identity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the stage when a child knows their gender but may not understand that it is consistent over time?

Gender self-labelling Signup and view all the answers

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at what age does a child typically reach gender stability?

By four years of age Signup and view all the answers

In Sandra Bem's Gender Schema Theory, what are children actively organizing into gender categories known as?

Gender schemas Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a child's realization that they can engage in activities stereotypically associated with the opposite gender while still identifying with their own gender?

Gender consistency Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which psychologist is known for her work on gender and developed the Bem Sex Role Inventory?

Sandra Bem Signup and view all the answers

"Once a child fully realizes 'I can’t change gender the way I change clothes,' she really focuses on modeling her gender" refers to which concept in Kohlberg's theory?

Gender constancy Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the beliefs and expectations people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women?

Gender stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a form of sexism according to the passage?

Both A and C are forms of sexism mentioned Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, at what age can infants typically distinguish between male and female voices?

12 months Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the processes through which children acquire gender-appropriate attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and skills?

Gender socialization Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what factors are gender differences primarily based on?

Social and cultural factors Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gender typing' refer to in the context of the passage?

The processes by which children learn gender roles Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is a major factor contributing to gender discrimination and sexual harassment among young people?

Early socialization and peer pressure to conform to gender stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest about the role of parents in perpetuating gender stereotypes?

Parents talk to sons and daughters differently, reinforcing stereotypical interests Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sexism is characterized by subjectively positive but patronizing attitudes toward women?

Benevolent sexism Signup and view all the answers

Based on the passage, what is a key factor in the development of gender-typed behaviors in children?

Active organization of information into gender schemas or mental representations Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is a potential consequence of not conforming to gender stereotypes during childhood?

Increased risk of bullying and rejection by peers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between benevolent sexism and hostile sexism?

Benevolent sexism views women as needing protection and support, while hostile sexism views women as inferior to men. Signup and view all the answers

How are gender roles evolving based on the text?

Gender roles are expanding to allow individuals to express characteristics from both masculinity and femininity continuums. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of androgynous individuals?

They exhibit traits from both masculine and feminine continuums. Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural attitudes towards gender stereotypes vary according to the text?

Cultural backgrounds can influence the presence and strength of gender stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the trend in gender associations across different cultures?

Across cultures, males are typically associated with stronger and more active characteristics compared to females. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the social acceptance of benevolent sexism compared to hostile sexism?

Hostile sexism is more socially acceptable than benevolent sexism. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common form of sexual harassment experienced by most high school students?

Having their body parts rated Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what topic do parents discuss more frequently with their sons compared to their daughters?

Science Signup and view all the answers

By what age do children typically begin playing in gender-segregated play groups?

Age 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of being perceived as 'gender atypical' during childhood?

Facing higher likelihood of bullying and rejection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a behavior that parents are more likely to discuss with their daughters than with their sons?

Emotions Signup and view all the answers

What skills do girls develop earlier than boys?

Language and Verbal Skills Signup and view all the answers

What can Children do by the age of 1?

Can distinguish faces by gender Signup and view all the answers

What behaviour or belief is common in children from the ages of 8 to 9?

Begin to be more flexible in gender stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

Children from the ages of 3-6 develop which of the following beliefs or behaviours?

Develop Gender constancy and rigidly adhere to gender stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

What attitude/belief do 3-year-olds have about gender?

Can identify their own gender and believe sex is determined by external attributes. Signup and view all the answers

Exploring Gender Roles and Stereotypes in Canada

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Questions and Answers

By what age can infants typically distinguish male voices from female voices?

Gender differences are believed to be primarily based on which factors?

What term refers to the shared cultural expectations that outline the attitudes and behaviors a typical male or female should display?

Gender stereotypes are beliefs and expectations about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of whom?

What does a person's gender identity refer to?

According to the passage, what are the two components of ambivalent sexism?

What does the concept of benevolent sexism refer to, according to the passage?

What is a difference between males and females based mostly on biological factors called?

According to the passage, what proportion of people are considered androgynous in terms of their gender role orientation?

What is the main difference between masculinity and femininity according to the passage?

What was the main question that researchers started asking in the 1970s about what it means to be a man or a woman, according to the passage?

According to the passage, what is the relationship between gender stereotypes and culture?

What does the text suggest about gender and sex differences?

What does the text imply about the prevalence of male nurses and female truck drivers in Canada?

What is the concept of androgyny as presented in the text?

What does the text suggest about gender norms and traits according to the 2019 survey mentioned?

How are biological differences between men and women portrayed in the text?

How are boys and girls treated differently socially according to the text?

According to Bem's Gender Schema Theory, what is the primary reason why children have such encompassing gender schemas?

What is the key premise of Developmental Intergroup Theory, as described in the text?

What is the relationship between gender stereotypes and gender discrimination or sexual harassment?

How does Sandra Bem's Gender Schema Theory explain the development of gender-typed behaviors in children?

What is the key difference between Bem's Gender Schema Theory and Bigler's Developmental Intergroup Theory in explaining the development of children's gender schemas?

How do the theories of Bem and Bigler differ in their explanations of the development of children's gender schemas?

What is the term used to describe the processes by which children acquire attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and skills appropriate for their gender?

According to the cognitive development theory, at what age do children typically achieve gender stability?

Which theory proposes that children develop gender schemas, or mental representations of what it means to be male or female?

According to Rebecca Bigler's work, what can influence children's gender stereotypes and attitudes?

What term refers to the beliefs and expectations people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women?

Which concept refers to a person's psychological sense of being male or female?

What is the term used to describe the stage when a child knows their gender but may not understand that it is consistent over time?

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at what age does a child typically reach gender stability?

In Sandra Bem's Gender Schema Theory, what are children actively organizing into gender categories known as?

What is the term used to describe a child's realization that they can engage in activities stereotypically associated with the opposite gender while still identifying with their own gender?

Based on the text, which psychologist is known for her work on gender and developed the Bem Sex Role Inventory?

"Once a child fully realizes 'I can’t change gender the way I change clothes,' she really focuses on modeling her gender" refers to which concept in Kohlberg's theory?

What term refers to the beliefs and expectations people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women?

Which of the following is considered a form of sexism according to the passage?

According to the passage, at what age can infants typically distinguish between male and female voices?

What term describes the processes through which children acquire gender-appropriate attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and skills?

According to the passage, what factors are gender differences primarily based on?

What does the term 'gender typing' refer to in the context of the passage?

According to the passage, what is a major factor contributing to gender discrimination and sexual harassment among young people?

What does the passage suggest about the role of parents in perpetuating gender stereotypes?

Which type of sexism is characterized by subjectively positive but patronizing attitudes toward women?

Based on the passage, what is a key factor in the development of gender-typed behaviors in children?

According to the passage, what is a potential consequence of not conforming to gender stereotypes during childhood?

What is the primary difference between benevolent sexism and hostile sexism?

How are gender roles evolving based on the text?

What is a characteristic of androgynous individuals?

How do cultural attitudes towards gender stereotypes vary according to the text?

Which statement best captures the trend in gender associations across different cultures?

What does the text imply about the social acceptance of benevolent sexism compared to hostile sexism?

What is a common form of sexual harassment experienced by most high school students?

Based on the text, what topic do parents discuss more frequently with their sons compared to their daughters?

By what age do children typically begin playing in gender-segregated play groups?

What is a consequence of being perceived as 'gender atypical' during childhood?

Which of the following is a behavior that parents are more likely to discuss with their daughters than with their sons?

What skills do girls develop earlier than boys?

What can Children do by the age of 1?

What behaviour or belief is common in children from the ages of 8 to 9?

Children from the ages of 3-6 develop which of the following beliefs or behaviours?

What attitude/belief do 3-year-olds have about gender?

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