Explore the World of Spirochaetes

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reservoir for tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

  • Humans
  • Rodents & small animals (correct)
  • Domestic animals
  • Ticks

Which stain is best for visualizing Borreliae?

  • Giemsa stain (correct)
  • Acid-fast stain
  • Ziehl-Neelsen stain
  • Gram stain

What is the main mode of transmission for B. recurrentis?

  • Human body louse (correct)
  • Rodents
  • Domestic animals
  • Ticks

Which Borrelia species is the most important in causing tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

<p>B. hermsii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

<p>Leptospira interrogans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin lesion in stage 1 of Lyme disease?

<p>Erythema migrans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals act as reservoirs for leptospirae?

<p>Rodents, dogs, swine, and cattle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever transmitted?

<p>Human body louse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of leptospirosis?

<p>Contact with contaminated water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Sudden onset of fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is diagnosis of leptospirosis usually made?

<p>During febrile stage with abundant spirochaetas in blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Febrile influenza-like illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Lyme disease typically transmitted to humans?

<p>Tick bites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for treating leptospirosis?

<p>Penicillin or doxycycline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Dysfunction of the liver, kidney, and CNS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is lyme disease diagnosed?

<p>Serologically by ELISA, to be confirmed by Western blot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stain is best for visualizing Borreliae?

<p>Giemsa stain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reservoir for tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Rodents and small animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Borrelia species transmitted, except for B. recurrentis?

<p>By ticks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin lesion in stage 1 of Lyme disease?

<p>Erythema migrans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

<p>By lice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Kidney failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for B. recurrentis?

<p>By lice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

<p>Leptospira (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Recurrent fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Kidney failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fever is caused by B. recurrens and transmitted from man to man by human body louse?

<p>Louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is typically a biphasic illness with a quiescent period in-between?

<p>Leptospirosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

<p>B. burgdorferi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the characteristic spreading circular red lesion with clear center that occurs at the site of tick bite in Lyme disease?

<p>Erythema migrans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for leptospirosis?

<p>Contact with contaminated water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Dysfunction of liver, kidney &amp; CNS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Severe headache &amp; general malaise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reservoir for leptospirae?

<p>Rodents, dogs, swine and cattle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for treating leptospirosis?

<p>Penicillin or doxycycline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

<p>Febrile influenza-like illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stain is best for visualizing leptospirae?

<p>Giemsa stain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of lyme disease?

<p>Muscle &amp; joint pain, secondary skin lesions &amp; lymphadenopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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