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What is the main reservoir for tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

Humans

Rodents & small animals (correct)

Domestic animals

Ticks

Which stain is best for visualizing Borreliae?

Giemsa stain (correct)

Acid-fast stain

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Gram stain

What is the main mode of transmission for B. recurrentis?

Human body louse (correct)

Rodents

Domestic animals

Ticks

Which Borrelia species is the most important in causing tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

B. hermsii Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

Leptospira interrogans Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin lesion in stage 1 of Lyme disease?

Erythema migrans Signup and view all the answers

Which animals act as reservoirs for leptospirae?

Rodents, dogs, swine, and cattle Signup and view all the answers

How is louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever transmitted?

Human body louse Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of leptospirosis?

Contact with contaminated water Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

Sudden onset of fever Signup and view all the answers

How is diagnosis of leptospirosis usually made?

During febrile stage with abundant spirochaetas in blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

Febrile influenza-like illness Signup and view all the answers

How is Lyme disease typically transmitted to humans?

Tick bites Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for treating leptospirosis?

Penicillin or doxycycline Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

Dysfunction of the liver, kidney, and CNS Signup and view all the answers

How is lyme disease diagnosed?

Serologically by ELISA, to be confirmed by Western blot Signup and view all the answers

Which stain is best for visualizing Borreliae?

Giemsa stain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reservoir for tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

Rodents and small animals Signup and view all the answers

How are Borrelia species transmitted, except for B. recurrentis?

By ticks Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin lesion in stage 1 of Lyme disease?

Erythema migrans Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

By lice Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for B. recurrentis?

By lice Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

Leptospira Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

Recurrent fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fever is caused by B. recurrens and transmitted from man to man by human body louse?

Louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is typically a biphasic illness with a quiescent period in-between?

Leptospirosis Signup and view all the answers

Which is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

B. burgdorferi Signup and view all the answers

Which is the characteristic spreading circular red lesion with clear center that occurs at the site of tick bite in Lyme disease?

Erythema migrans Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for leptospirosis?

Contact with contaminated water Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

Dysfunction of liver, kidney & CNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

Severe headache & general malaise Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reservoir for leptospirae?

Rodents, dogs, swine and cattle Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for treating leptospirosis?

Penicillin or doxycycline Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

Febrile influenza-like illness Signup and view all the answers

Which stain is best for visualizing leptospirae?

Giemsa stain Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of lyme disease?

Muscle & joint pain, secondary skin lesions & lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reservoir for tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

Which stain is best for visualizing Borreliae?

What is the main mode of transmission for B. recurrentis?

Which Borrelia species is the most important in causing tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic skin lesion in stage 1 of Lyme disease?

Which animals act as reservoirs for leptospirae?

How is louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever transmitted?

What is the mode of transmission of leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

How is diagnosis of leptospirosis usually made?

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

How is Lyme disease typically transmitted to humans?

What is the drug of choice for treating leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

How is lyme disease diagnosed?

Which stain is best for visualizing Borreliae?

What is the main reservoir for tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

How are Borrelia species transmitted, except for B. recurrentis?

What is the characteristic skin lesion in stage 1 of Lyme disease?

What is the mode of transmission of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

What is the main mode of transmission for B. recurrentis?

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

Which type of fever is caused by B. recurrens and transmitted from man to man by human body louse?

Which disease is typically a biphasic illness with a quiescent period in-between?

Which is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Which is the characteristic spreading circular red lesion with clear center that occurs at the site of tick bite in Lyme disease?

What is the main mode of transmission for leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of the second phase of leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

What is the main reservoir for leptospirae?

What is the drug of choice for treating leptospirosis?

What is the characteristic symptom of the first phase of leptospirosis?

Which stain is best for visualizing leptospirae?

What is the characteristic symptom of lyme disease?

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