Heart Anatomy: Right Atrium & Ventricle

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Questions and Answers

What structures guard the right atrioventricular opening?

Tricuspid Valve (correct)

Mitral Valve

Pulmonary Valve

Aortic Valve

Which part of the pulmonary trunk contains trabeculae carneae?

Smooth outflowing part

Conus arteriosus

Right atrium

Rough inflowing part (correct)

What is the role of papillary muscles in the heart?

To anchor the cusps of heart valves (correct)

To create pressure for pulmonary circulation

To assist in infusing blood into the aorta

To initiate electrical signals for contraction

Which of the following describes the correct anatomy of the pulmonary valve?

Is positioned at the outflow of the right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

The cavity of which part of the pulmonary trunk has a crescent shape in cross-section?

Infundibulum Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle structure connects the anterior papillary muscle to the interventricular septum?

Moderator band Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the left atrium?

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles help in the functioning of the tricuspid valve?

Papillary muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tricuspid valve in the heart?

Preventing backflow of blood into the right atrium Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the heart corresponds to the separation of the rough and smooth aspects of the right atrium?

Crista Terminalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the pulmonary valve?

Preventing backflow into the right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue can arise from a failure of the foramen ovale to close after birth?

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel opening is associated with the right atrium?

Inferior vena cava (IVC) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the right ventricle's internal anatomy?

Fossa ovalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of papillary muscles in the heart?

To anchor the chordae tendineae Signup and view all the answers

What does the fossa ovalis represent in the inter-atrial septum?

A depression derived from the foramen ovale Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tricuspid valve during diastole?

Open to allow ventricular filling Signup and view all the answers

Which structure directly attaches to the pulmonary valve and supports its function?

Chordae tendineae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a potential defect in the interventricular septum?

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Signup and view all the answers

What role do papillary muscles play in the functioning of heart valves?

They prevent the valves from inverting during ventricular contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the left atrium in the heart?

Receive oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

Which valve prevents backflow into the right atrium during ventricular contraction?

Tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

What structure closes off the foramen ovale after birth?

Fossa ovalis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart is primarily responsible for the closure of the semilunar valves during diastole?

Papillary muscle relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Which valve opens to allow blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta?

Aortic valve Signup and view all the answers

In post-natal circulation, what happens to the ductus arteriosus?

It closes and forms the ligamentum arteriosum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Right Atrium Internal Anatomy

Contains the smooth internal aspect of the sinus venarum
Contains the rough internal aspect of the auricle
Consists of the crista terminalis, which separates the rough and smooth aspects of the atrium
Contains the fossa ovalis, which is a depression on the inter-atrial septum derived from the foramen ovale
The limbus of fossa ovalis defines the margin of the fossa ovalis
The opening of the coronary sinus and its valve are present
The opening of the inferior vena cava and its valve are also present

Right Ventricle Internal Anatomy

Receives blood from the right atrium
Pumps blood to the lungs
Divided into two parts:
- Rough inflowing part: Contains trabeculae carneae and 3 papillary muscles
- Smooth outflowing part: Known as the infundibulum
Crescent shaped cavity in cross-section
Consists of three cusps of the pulmonary valve: Anterior, Right, Left
Consists of the conus arteriosus (infundibulum), a smooth aspect leading to the pulmonary valve
Contains the moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)
Consists of the trabeculae carneae, which are rough irregular muscle ridges on the internal aspect of the ventricle
Contains papillary muscles: Anterior, Posterior, Septal (attached to corresponding cusp ventricular wall) which are connected to the valves via chordae tendinae

Left Atrium Internal Anatomy

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein
Consists of the membranous part of the interventricular septum
The auricle contains pectinate muscles

Pre-Natal Circulation

Blood flow is directed from the right to the left side of the heart
Oxygenated blood from the mother (umbilical veins) bypasses the liver and enters the heart
Blood bypasses the right side of the heart and the pulmonary circuit through:
- Foramen ovale (shunt between right and left atria)
- Ductus arteriosus (shunt between pulmonary trunk and aorta)

Post-Natal Circulation

Lungs are functional, responsible for oxygenation of blood
The umbilical vein and liver shunt occlude
Two right-to-left circulatory shunts also occlude:
- Foramen ovale is closed off, leaving behind the depression named Fossa Ovalis
- Ductus arteriosus occludes, leaving behind the Ligamentum Arteriosum

The Cardiac Skeleton

Fibrous, elastic skeleton
Supports the structure and patency of the AV valves (tricuspid, mitral) and semilunar valves (aortic, pulmonary)
Provides attachment sites for cardiac muscle
Inert, forms electrical plane separating chambers of the heart

The Valves Viewed From Above

The pulmonary valve, aortic valve, tricuspid valve, and mitral valve are located in the heart
Blood flows from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary valve
Blood flows from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve
During diastole, the tricuspid and mitral valves are open, while the pulmonary and aortic valves are closed, allowing ventricles to fill
During systole, the tricuspid and mitral valves are closed, while the pulmonary and aortic valves are open, allowing ventricles to contract

Cusps of Heart Valves, Viewed From Above

The pulmonary valve has three cusps: Anterior, Right, and Left
The aortic valve has three cusps: Left Semilunar, Right Semilunar, Posterior Semilunar
The tricuspid valve has three cusps: Anterior, Posterior, Septal

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Description

This quiz focuses on the internal anatomy of the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart. It covers important structures such as the fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, and features of the pulmonary valve. Test your knowledge on these critical components of cardiac anatomy.