Explore the Fascinating World of Biology

Biology Facts and Concepts

• DNA has a double-helix structure composed of two strands with nucleotide bases (A, T, C, and G) attached to the backbone.
• RNA has a similar structure to DNA but replaces thymine with uracil and is synthesized from DNA via transcription.
• Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation, where cells generate proteins using the information encoded in DNA.
• Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity, inheritance, and the variation of traits in living organisms.
• Darwin's theory of natural selection is based on his observations during a 5-year voyage aboard the survey ship named HMS Beagle.
• Scientists use six kingdoms to classify Earth's organisms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria.
• The geologic time scale represents the major geological and biological events of Earth's history, and the approximate age of Earth is estimated to be around 4.5 billion years.
• The Law of Superposition states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are found at the bottom, and the youngest rocks are found at the top.
• The spiracle on a dogfish shark is a small slit located behind the eye on each side of the head, which assists in respiration.
• Cyanobacteria were among the first organisms to perform photosynthesis, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere and significantly contributing to the development of an oxygen-rich environment on Earth.
• The genotype refers to the genetic makeup or combination of alleles that an organism possesses, while the phenotype refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism.
• A karyotype is a visual representation of the complete set of chromosomes arranged in pairs, typically extracted from a cell and observed under a microscope.

Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts and interesting facts about biology with this quiz! From DNA and protein synthesis to genetics and the geologic time scale, challenge yourself with questions on a variety of topics. Impress your friends with your knowledge of dogfish shark respiration and the contributions of cyanobacteria to our oxygen-rich atmosphere. This quiz is perfect for biology enthusiasts looking to expand their understanding of the natural world.