Podcast
Questions and Answers
Human evolution began around seven million years ago when organisms broke away from the lineage of ______.
Human evolution began around seven million years ago when organisms broke away from the lineage of ______.
chimpanzees
Humans have the largest brain to body mass ratio compared to other ______.
Humans have the largest brain to body mass ratio compared to other ______.
species
Genes occupy fixed positions within a ______.
Genes occupy fixed positions within a ______.
chromosome
The observable physical appearance of an organism is referred to as its ______.
The observable physical appearance of an organism is referred to as its ______.
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There are 23 chromosomes in the human ______.
There are 23 chromosomes in the human ______.
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Study Notes
Human Evolution
- Human evolution began seven million years ago, diverging from the chimpanzee lineage.
- Around 20 early human species existed, but all but Homo sapiens (modern humans) went extinct.
- Extinct early human species shared traits with Homo sapiens, including brain capacity, tool use, smaller teeth than apes, and bipedalism.
- Humans possess the largest brain-to-body mass ratio of any species.
Genes and Genetics
- Genes are specific locations on chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are composed of DNA strands.
- DNA segments are made up of four base proteins: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
- A genotype is the complete genetic makeup of an organism.
- A phenotype is an organism's observable physical and measurable psychological characteristics.
- DNA exists within the cell nucleus.
- DNA has a double-helix, two-stranded structure that was discovered in 1953 by three scientists in Cambridge, England.
- Base pairs consist of adenine pairing with thymine (A-T or T-A), and guanine pairing with cytosine (G-C or C-G).
- The human genome contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
- DNA is replicated almost flawlessly during reproduction.
- Telomeres, located at the ends of chromosomes, are linked to cellular aging.
- Humans have 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- An XY chromosome combination indicates a genetic male; XX indicates a genetic female.
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Description
Explore the fascinating journey of human evolution and the fundamentals of genetics. From the divergence of early human species to the intricate structure of DNA, this quiz covers essential concepts that shape our understanding of humanity. Test your knowledge on early humans and genetic principles.
