Exploration in History
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Questions and Answers

What was the purpose of Magellan's expedition?

  • To establish trade routes to Asia
  • To conquer new territories for Spain
  • To circumnavigate the earth (correct)
  • To explore the Americas

    • Which ship had the least number of men on Magellan's expedition?

  • Trinidad
  • Santiago (correct)
  • Concepcion
  • Victoria

    • Who served as the fleet chaplain during the expedition?

  • Ferdinand Magellan
  • Duarte Barbosa
  • Antonio Pigafetta
  • Fr. Pedro de Valderrama (correct)

    • What significant event happened to the Santiago during the expedition?

    <p>It sank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the Pacific Ocean named as such by the sailors?

    <p>Due to its calm and peaceful conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ships was captained by Juan Serrano?

    <p>Santiago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major issue did soldiers face while crossing the Pacific Ocean?

    <p>Scarcity of food and fresh water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the chronicle of Magellan's voyage?

    <p>Antonio Pigafetta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first island encountered by Magellan and his fleet?

    <p>Zamal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drink did Magellan and his crew encounter during their time on the islands?

    <p>Uraca/arrack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ceremony did Rajah Kolambu perform to seal his friendship with Magellan?

    <p>Kasi-kasi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who officiated the mass held on March 31, 1521?

    <p>Fr. Pedro de Valderrama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which island was referred to as 'Islas de San Lazaro' by Magellan?

    <p>Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What descriptive term did Pigafetta use for the island of Humuno?

    <p>Watering-place of Good Signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which date did Magellan land on the small islet of Humuno?

    <p>March 17, 1521</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which present-day island corresponds with Mazzaua as named in historical accounts?

    <p>Masao, Butuan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary economic reasons for European exploration during the Age of Discovery?

    <p>To find new trade routes for spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which explorer was credited as the first to reach India by sea?

    <p>Vasco de Gama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494?

    <p>It established the division of newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary spice reasons that made Europeans seek spices?

    <p>Used for preservation and enhancement of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?

    <p>A Portuguese prince who promoted maritime exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Pope Alexander VI play in the Age of Discovery?

    <p>He issued a papal bull dividing the world for Spain and Portugal's exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Ferdinand Magellan’s main objective in organizing his expedition?

    <p>To find a westward route to the Spice Islands without conflicting with Portugal's treaty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major spice was NOT sought after by Europeans during their explorations?

    <p>Cloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the chieftain of Mactan that refused to accept the new political system introduced by the Spaniards?

    <p>Cali Pulacu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event took place on April 27, 1521?

    <p>The battle of Mactan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which significant image was shown to the Queen that later became known in Cebu?

    <p>The sto. Niño</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of the ship Concepcion during the expedition?

    <p>It was abandoned and burned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Magellan expedition confirm about the Earth's shape?

    <p>Earth is an oblate sphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the natives of Cebu react to the arrival of the Spaniards?

    <p>They planned a massacre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leaders allied with Magellan during his expedition?

    <p>Datu Zula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural body of water did Europeans recognize after Magellan's expedition?

    <p>Mar Pacifico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    In Search of New Lands

    • Trade routes expanded due to demand for lucrative goods such as porcelain, silk, spices, fabrics, and perfumes.
    • Silk Road facilitated economic interactions between East and West.

    Major Motivations for Exploration

    • Economic: Desire for spices like pepper, ginger, nutmeg, onions, and garlic, which were crucial for food preservation and medicinal purposes.
    • Political: Competition for global dominance between European powers.
    • Religious: Efforts to spread Christianity alongside territorial claims.

    European Leaders in Exploration

    • Portugal: Led early exploration with a focus on new trade routes.
      • Prince Henry the Navigator: Supported navigational advancements.
      • Bartolomeu Dias: First to sail around the Cape of Good Hope.
      • Vasco da Gama: Reached India, establishing Portuguese trade dominance.
    • Spain: Followed Portugal's lead in seeking alternative routes for spice trade.
      • Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator who discovered the Bahamas.
      • Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon II: United Spain’s crown and expanded exploration efforts.

    Treaty of Tordesillas

    • Established in 1494 between Portugal and Spain to divide new lands.
    • Spain received territories west of a designated line; Portugal received lands to the east.
    • Adjusted demarcation line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands.

    Ferdinand Magellan

    • Portuguese explorer who organized a Spanish expedition to the East Indies.
    • Aimed to find a westward route to the Spice Islands without breaching the Treaty of Tordesillas.
    • Departed from Spain on September 20, 1519 with five ships and 235 men.

    Key Ships and Personnel

    • Trinidad: Captain Ferdinand Magellan, 55 men.
    • Concepcion: Captain Gaspar de Quesada, 45 men.
    • Santiago: Captain Juan Serrano, 32 men.
    • San Antonio: Captain Juan de Cartagena, 60 men.
    • Victoria: Captain Luis de Mendoza, 43 men.
    • Significant individuals: Fr. Pedro de Valderrama (chaplain), Antonio Pigafetta (chronicler), Duarte Barbosa (Magellan’s brother-in-law), Enrique (interpreter).

    Expedition Route

    • Notable stops:
      • Canaries (Sept. 26, 1519)
      • Pernambuco, Brazil (Nov. 29, 1519)
      • Rio de Janeiro (Dec. 13, 1519)
      • Strait of Magellan (Aug. 1520)
    • Faced severe hardships crossing the Pacific, including sickness and food shortages.

    Encounter with the Philippines

    • First island sighted: Zamal (present-day Samar) on March 16, 1521.
    • Described natives and their lifestyle, including the use of coconut products.
    • Second island: Humunon (Homonhon) on March 17, 1521; provided rest and resupply.

    Significant Events in the Philippines

    • March 28, 1521: Fleet reached Limasawa, where a blood compact sealed friendship with local Rajah.
    • April 14, 1521: Mass held, and 800 locals baptized, introducing Christianity.
    • Conflicts arose with local chieftain Lapu-Lapu, who rejected Spanish influence.

    Battle of Mactan

    • April 27, 1521: Magellan led an assault on Mactan, resulting in personal injury and his death.
    • Spanish forces later diminished, leading to abandonment of a ship and retreat.

    Return to Spain

    • Remaining ships sailed to the Moluccas, then back to Spain via the Indian and Atlantic Oceans.
    • Victoria returned to Spain on September 6, 1522, completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.

    Historical Significance

    • Expedition demonstrated the earth's roundness and revealed alternative routes to the Spice Islands.
    • Validated European interest in Pacific exploration and introduced Christianity to the Philippines.
    • Provided key insights into Filipino society and culture during the 16th century.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the age of exploration, focusing on the motivations behind European explorations and the leaders who pioneered new trade routes. Delve into the economic, political, and religious factors that drove nations like Portugal and Spain to seek new lands and riches.

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