Questions and Answers
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
1494 treaty where Spain and Portugal agreed to divide lands in the Western hemisphere between them and move the Line of Demarcation to the west.
Who got what in the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Who decided the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Portugal's King John II
What was the impact when the line was moved 800 miles west?
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What did the Portuguese explorers accomplish?
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What is a Caravel?
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What was Columbus' plan?
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Who did Columbus sail for?
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In what year did Columbus make the first of his 4 expeditions?
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What were the names of Columbus' ships?
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What was the name of the Caribbean island where Columbus first landed?
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Where did Columbus believe he had reached?
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What is the Northwest Passage?
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Why did England, France, and the Netherlands want to find a Northwest Passage?
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What Englishman (sailing for the Dutch) died trying to find the Northwest Passage?
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In what modern-day country is Hudson Bay located?
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Why are Cabot's voyages important?
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Why was Hudson's voyage important?
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What were the results of the Spanish expeditions seeking Cities of Gold?
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What was England's approach to overseas expansion?
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What were the results of England's cautious approach to starting colonies?
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What year was the Spanish Armada?
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Who won the Spanish Armada and why?
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What is a Galleon?
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What were 2 important effects of the Spanish Armada?
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What did the French and Dutch focus on when they failed to find a Northwest Passage?
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What animal proved valuable to the French?
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Describe the typical colonists of New France?
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Who established the first permanent French settlement in the New World?
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What were the relations like between Native Americans and the French? Why?
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Where was it located?
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What lands in the New World were first claimed by the Dutch?
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What did the Dutch name their colony in the New World?
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What is the name of the present-day city that is located where the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam was founded?
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By 1650, which European nation claimed the most geographic area in America?
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What were the 3 major reasons for European exploration?
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What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
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Study Notes
Treaty of Tordesillas
- Signed in 1494, dividing Western Hemisphere territories between Spain and Portugal.
- Spain received lands west of the Line of Demarcation; Portugal received lands east.
- The line was moved 800 miles west, granting Portugal more territory, including Brazil.
Portuguese Exploration
- King John II of Portugal facilitated the Treaty of Tordesillas.
- Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water route to Asia by navigating around Africa.
- Caravel ships equipped with both triangular and square sails improved sailing against the wind.
Christopher Columbus
- Sought a shorter route to Asia and sailed under the Spanish flag.
- First expedition launched in 1492 on three ships: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.
- Landed on San Salvador, misidentifying it as India, a key trade area for spices.
Northwest Passage
- Concept of an all-water route from England to Asia, pursued by England, France, and the Netherlands for trade opportunities.
- Exploration attempts included Englishman Henry Hudson, who perished seeking the passage.
Impact of Exploration
- Cabot's voyages laid the groundwork for future English colonies along North America's Atlantic coast.
- Hudson's journey revealed that the Northwest Passage was not navigable due to ice, leading to the prominence of Hudson Bay in fur trading.
Spanish Empire and England's Expansion
- Spanish expeditions in search of legendary Cities of Gold ultimately failed.
- England's cautious approach to colonization limited its early success, resulting in few colonies until post-1600.
- The Spanish Armada occurred in 1588; England emerged victorious with faster, more maneuverable ships.
Consequences of the Spanish Armada
- England remained Protestant and demonstrated its naval strength.
- The defeat of Spain proved their dominance could be challenged, impacting future conflicts.
French and Dutch Interests
- Following unsuccessful searches for the Northwest Passage, the French and Dutch focused on exploiting North American resources, particularly furs.
- The beaver was a crucial animal for the French fur trade.
- French settlers primarily included fur traders and missionaries, fostering friendly relations with Native Americans through trade and alliances.
Colonies and Settlement
- Samuel de Champlain established the first permanent French settlement in North America along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec.
- The Dutch claimed present-day New York, naming their colony New Netherland, with New Amsterdam later becoming New York City.
European Exploration Motives
- Key motivations for exploration included gold, glory, and spreading Christianity (God).
- By 1650, Spain had claimed the largest geographic area in the Americas, highlighted by the establishment of Jamestown as the first permanent English settlement.
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Description
This quiz covers significant historical events from 1492 to 1500, including the Treaty of Tordesillas, Portuguese exploration, and Christopher Columbus’s voyages. Test your knowledge on how these events shaped the exploration of the New World and trade routes to Asia.