Experimental Study Design Quiz

The methods and procedures used to collect and analyze data in a study to answer a specific research question.

Ensures the data collected is accurate and reliable, leading to valid statistical results.

The researchers may choose or execute an inappropriate study design, leading to inaccurate interpretations and conclusions.

A set of guidelines that ensure transparency and completeness in reporting clinical trial findings.

CONSORT checklists provide a framework for transparent reporting, but they cannot prevent researchers from introducing bias.

The ability to critically evaluate the research literature is essential for pharmacy practitioners.

Critical evaluation involves assessing the study design, analyzing the data, and interpreting the conclusions to make informed decisions.

Pharmacy practitioners must be able to evaluate research findings and incorporate them into their practice.

A study that documents experiences or new events deemed important by the author. It involves gathering data through observations and drawing conclusions.

A study that examines the natural course of health events. Researchers observe participants and gather data to classify and sort information.

A study that documents observations from a group of patients, often used to estimate the incidence of adverse events related to a new treatment.

A detailed report on the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of a single patient, often focusing on unusual or new events.

A study that investigates the relationship between variables without manipulating them. Participants are observed and categorized based on existing characteristics.

A study that investigates the relationship between variables by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) and observing their effect on the outcome (dependent variable).

A study that compares two groups, one receiving a specific intervention (e.g., a drug) and the other receiving a placebo or standard care.

A study that involves observing a single group of participants over time, tracking changes in health outcomes or risk factors.

A study design where subjects are randomly assigned to different groups (experimental or control), allowing researchers to isolate the effect of the intervention.

A study design where the allocation of subjects to different groups is not randomized but based on specific criteria. It does not offer the same level of evidence strength as RCTs.

A study design where there is no control group for comparison. The effect of the intervention is observed in only one group.

A study design that investigates the relationship between variables without manipulating any of them. It aims to explain or describe phenomena.

The standard treatment or intervention used for the disease being studied. It is used as a baseline for comparison.

Inert substance or procedure that resembles the actual treatment but has no therapeutic effect. Used to account for the placebo effect.

A control group where subjects receive no intervention or treatment, allowing researchers to observe the natural course of the disease.

The group that receives the experimental intervention or treatment being studied.

Patients who were treated in a different setting or time compared to the current trial.

They lack a control group, meaning researchers cannot control if subjects receive the treatment being studied.

Blinding is a method used to hide information about treatment assignments from participants and researchers, minimizing bias in the design of a clinical trial.

When no one (neither participants nor researchers) knows who receives which treatment.

A study that combines the results of multiple studies to reach a stronger conclusion, improving statistical power.

Research studies with a carefully designed control group are considered the most reliable in medicine.

Analyzing several studies to arrive at a more robust conclusion.

Used to assess the quality of research, ensuring accuracy and reliability in interpreting data.

A type of observational study where researchers start with a group with a specific outcome (cases) and a group without it (controls), then look back in time to see if a particular exposure was more common in the cases. Often used to study the causes of diseases.

A type of observational study where researchers gather data from a group of people at a single point in time to see the prevalence of a specific outcome and associated factors. Often used for quick snapshots of a population's health.

This is a measure of association that is used in case-control studies. It is used to calculate the likelihood of exposure among cases compared to controls.

This is a measure of association that is used in cohort studies. It compares the risk of developing an outcome in the exposed group to the risk of developing the outcome in the unexposed group.

This bias can occur in case-control studies when people with the outcome (cases) are more likely to recall past exposures than people without the outcome (controls).

This bias can occur in case-control studies when people with the outcome (cases) are more likely to be identified and enrolled in the study than those without the outcome (controls).

This bias can occur in case-control studies when people with the outcome (cases) are more likely to report their exposure due to publicity or awareness of the condition.

A type of experimental study that uses a pre-existing or natural grouping to study the effects of an intervention. Participants are not randomly assigned.

This design seeks to minimize bias by ensuring that the treatment and control groups are as similar as possible at the beginning of the study.

This is the chance that the observed results of a study are due to random variations rather than the actual effect of the intervention.

This is the chance that the observed results of a study fail to detect a real effect of the intervention.

The ability of a study to detect a real difference between the groups being compared in a study.