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Questions and Answers
What is another term for independent variables in correlational research?
Which type of research focuses on studying the effects of a functional relationship by manipulating variables?
In experimental designs, what is the role of a control group?
What do dependent variables represent in correlational research?
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Which type of research is best suited for determining causation between variables?
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What is the primary purpose of manipulating variables in an experimental design?
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What is the main purpose of descriptive research?
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Which type of research involves using survey questionnaires for data collection?
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In correlational research, what does it mean when two variables have a correlation of 1:2?
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What is a key principle to remember in correlational research?
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Which type of research involves simple observation and subsequent quantification of data?
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What is the primary difference between descriptive and correlational research?
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In an experimental design, which group receives the changes, approaches, or treatments being studied?
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Which method involves acquiring information and insights from Internet usage for analysis in data research?
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What should instructional procedures ideally be subjected to before being accepted as effective teaching methods?
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Which research design compares the effects of Project-Based Learning (PBL) to traditional lecture approach?
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What type of data gathering method involves the use of structured questionnaires to collect information on participant behaviors and attitudes?
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When trying to analyze the relationship between variables, which type of study provides evidence for teachers according to the text?
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Study Notes
Experimental Designs
- An experimental group is a group where changes, approaches, or treatments are given and measured in comparison to a control group.
- Example: The effect of project-based learning on student performance, where the experimental group is taught using project-based learning, and the control group is taught using traditional lecture approach.
Control Group
- A control group is the baseline group where changes, approaches, or treatments are not applied.
- It serves as a comparison to the experimental group.
Data Gathering Methods
- Survey: uses structured questionnaires to gather data and information on participant behaviors, attitudes, etc.
- Document Analysis: uses extant information sources to gather quantitative data for analysis and interpretation (e.g., student grades, anecdotal records, etc.).
- Data Mining: acquires information and insights from Internet usage to be used as data for analysis (e.g., Facebook page engagements, comments).
Research Methods
- Descriptive Research: easiest form of gaining knowledge and a first step towards subsequent scientific inquiry.
- Descriptive Observational Research: simple observation and the subsequent quantification and study of observed data (e.g., anecdotal records).
- Survey Research: uses a survey questionnaire administered through various modes to gather relevant data (e.g., election polls, class statistics).
Correlational Research
- A relationship exists between two variables when knowing the value of one variable allows you to estimate, to some degree, what the value would be of the other variable.
- Example: Two variables x and y; if y is 2, then x is 1; if y is 6, then x is 3. Thus, there is a correlation between x and y.
- Correlation does not imply causation; two things can be related, but they may not be the cause/effect of each other.
Variables in Correlational Research
- Independent variables are also called predictor variables, as their movement predicts the movement of the dependent variable/s.
- Dependent variables are also called criterion variables, as these variables are the criteria to which prediction is possible.
Experimental Designs
- Experimental designs study the effects of a functional relationship, which is demonstrated when active changes in one variable produce concomitant changes in another.
- Experimental designs manipulate variables in a study to study the extent of the relationship being studied.
- Researchers use a control group and an experimental group to study the effects of a treatment or approach.
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Description
Test your knowledge on experimental and control groups, their definitions, and differences with examples like the Effect of Project-Based Learning on Student Performance. Learn about how experiments are conducted and results are measured.
