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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of an independent variable in an experimental study?
What is the primary function of an independent variable in an experimental study?
In an investigation plan, what component focuses on the methods and resources needed?
In an investigation plan, what component focuses on the methods and resources needed?
What does 'niche partitioning' primarily refer to in ecology?
What does 'niche partitioning' primarily refer to in ecology?
How does geographic isolation affect populations of organisms?
How does geographic isolation affect populations of organisms?
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What is the definition of carrying capacity in an ecosystem?
What is the definition of carrying capacity in an ecosystem?
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Which statement best describes the concept of non-random mating?
Which statement best describes the concept of non-random mating?
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What role does natural selection play in evolution?
What role does natural selection play in evolution?
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What are fossils primarily considered to be?
What are fossils primarily considered to be?
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What is a major characteristic that distinguishes Gram positive bacteria from Gram negative bacteria?
What is a major characteristic that distinguishes Gram positive bacteria from Gram negative bacteria?
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Which of the following is considered a non-living thing?
Which of the following is considered a non-living thing?
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What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
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Which cell organelle is primarily involved in the process of photosynthesis?
Which cell organelle is primarily involved in the process of photosynthesis?
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In what mechanism do bacteria transfer genetic information during reproduction?
In what mechanism do bacteria transfer genetic information during reproduction?
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What describes a vestigial structure?
What describes a vestigial structure?
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Natural selection primarily favors organisms that are:
Natural selection primarily favors organisms that are:
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What process describes how different species divide resources in an ecosystem to minimize competition?
What process describes how different species divide resources in an ecosystem to minimize competition?
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Which of the following structures only exists in prokaryotic and plant cells?
Which of the following structures only exists in prokaryotic and plant cells?
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Which factor is typically found on the Y-axis of a graph in scientific experiments?
Which factor is typically found on the Y-axis of a graph in scientific experiments?
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What are vestigial structures?
What are vestigial structures?
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What occurs during disruptive selection?
What occurs during disruptive selection?
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Which of the following best describes stabilizing selection?
Which of the following best describes stabilizing selection?
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What is the main difference between homologous structures and analogous structures?
What is the main difference between homologous structures and analogous structures?
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In terms of natural selection, what does fitness refer to?
In terms of natural selection, what does fitness refer to?
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How does antibiotic resistance in bacteria occur?
How does antibiotic resistance in bacteria occur?
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Which of the following statements about niches is true?
Which of the following statements about niches is true?
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What is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What do the terms 'staphylo', 'diplo', and 'strepto' refer to in bacteria?
What do the terms 'staphylo', 'diplo', and 'strepto' refer to in bacteria?
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Which type of selection favors one extreme phenotype over others?
Which type of selection favors one extreme phenotype over others?
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What is meant by speciation?
What is meant by speciation?
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What is the role of fossils in understanding evolution?
What is the role of fossils in understanding evolution?
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How do bacteria reproduce genetically?
How do bacteria reproduce genetically?
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What is a mass extinction event?
What is a mass extinction event?
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Study Notes
Experimental Design
- Independent Variable: The variable manipulated or varied in an experiment to observe its effects.
- Dependent Variable: The variable measured in an experiment, affected by the independent variable.
- Control: An element that remains constant and unaffected in an experiment, used for comparison.
Investigation Plan Components
- Complaint Summary: A concise overview of the complaint.
- Legal Theories: The legal principles relevant to the complaint.
- Investigation Strategy & Evidence Sources: The plan for gathering evidence.
- Personnel & Resources: The people and materials needed.
- Milestones & Timelines: Key deadlines and stages.
Scientific Explanations
- Claim: A conclusion based on evidence.
- Evidence: Data supporting the claim.
- Reasoning: How the evidence supports the claim.
Ecology
- Carrying Capacity: The maximum population a region can sustain without environmental degradation. Graphically represented by two lines: carrying capacity and population size.
- Niche Partitioning: Species evolve different resource use patterns to reduce competition and coexist.
- Niche: An organism's role in an ecosystem regarding interactions and resources use.
Evolution
- Natural Selection: Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
- Mating Systems: A system where individuals are more or less likely to mate with specific genotypes, a non-random mating system.
- Evolution: The change and diversification of life forms through time.
- Biodiversity: Variety of life in an area, habitat, or ecosystem.
- Geographic Isolation: Physical separation of populations owing to geographical barriers.
- Fossils: Preserved prehistoric organism remains or imprints.
- Vestigial Structures: Anatomical features with reduced or lost functions due to evolution.
- Speciation: Formation of new species through evolutionary processes.
- Analogous Structures: Similar functions in unrelated organisms with different structures.
- Homologous Structures: Similar structures with differing functions, inherited from a common ancestor.
- Disruptive Selection: Favors extreme phenotypes, increasing diversity.
- Stabilizing Selection: Favors average phenotypes, reducing variation.
- Directional Selection: Favors one phenotype over another in a changing environment.
- Evolutionary Fitness: Organisms with more offspring are considered more evolutionarily successful.
- Adaptation: A feature that enhances survival.
Mass Extinction
- Mass Extinction: A period of rapid species loss.
Microbiology
- Bacteria: Mostly found on earth, require nutrients, energy, suitable temperatures, pH and conditions for reproduction. Exist in rod, spiral, and spherical forms, and can be categorized by Gram staining.
- Antibiotics: Substances that kill or inhibit bacterial growth.
- Antibiotic Resistance: Bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics.
- Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus; eukaryotic cells contain one.
- Gram-positive/Gram-Negative Bacteria: Bacteria classified by how they stain during Gram staining, related to cell wall thickness, impacting antibiotic treatments.
Cell Biology
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, involved in energy production (ATP).
- Ribosomes: Structures involved in protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Series of membranes involved in synthesizing lipids, proteins, and breaking down toxins.
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins.
- Lysosomes: Break down cellular waste.
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell, storing DNA
- Cell Membrane: Cell's outer boundary, regulates what enters and leaves.
- Cell Wall: Provides support and structure, present in plant and prokaryotic cells.
- Vacuole: Common in plant cells, often storing water.
- Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Reproduction And Isolation
- Temporal Isolation: Reproductive isolation due to differing breeding times.
- Geographical Isolation: Reproductive isolation due to geographic separation.
- Reproductive Isolation: Mechanisms that prevent successful interbreeding between species
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Description
This quiz explores core concepts in experimental design, such as independent and dependent variables, as well as key principles in ecology, including carrying capacity. Test your understanding of how scientific explanations are formed through claims, evidence, and reasoning. Ideal for students of science looking to strengthen their knowledge in research methodologies and ecological concepts.
