36 Questions
What type of experimental design is used when random assignment is not possible?
Quasi-experiments
What is the purpose of double-blind experiments in research?
To avoid observer/experimenter bias
Why is random assignment necessary in experiments?
To make causal claims about the results
What is the primary purpose of a random sample in research?
To guarantee equal probability of selection
In an experiment, what group is the one that researchers aim to generalize their findings to?
Population
What is the primary function of mechanoreceptors?
To detect and respond to mechanical distortion or pressure
Which of the following statements about nociceptors (pain receptors) is true?
They transmit signals through lightly or non-myelinated fibers for dull, steady pain
According to the Gate Control Theory of Pain, what is necessary for pain to be experienced?
Pain receptors must be activated, and the neural gate in the spinal cord must be open
What is the process by which the lens of the eye changes shape to focus on objects at different distances?
Accommodation
Which type of photoreceptors in the retina are responsible for color perception?
Cones
What is the term used to describe the principle that connected parts of the body tend to be represented beside each other in the brain?
Somatotopic organization
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the central conflict during adolescence is:
Identity vs. role confusion
Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Associative stage
The concept of 'object permanence' refers to:
The ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight
According to Vygotsky's theory, the 'zone of proximal development' refers to:
The range of tasks that a child can perform with guidance and support
Which type of learning involves the formation of associations between stimuli and responses?
Associative learning
In Piaget's theory, the process of 'accommodation' refers to:
Modifying existing schemas to account for new information
Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of being bilingual?
Improved language production
According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which view suggests that language entirely determines our thoughts and perceptions?
Linguistic determinism
Which type of representation maintains some of the physical characteristics of the actual object?
Analogical representation
Which categorization strategy is more commonly associated with Eastern cultures?
Thematic
Which of the following is an example of a heuristic used in decision-making?
Availability heuristic
Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
Emotional
Which personality theory emphasizes the role of unconscious mental processes in shaping behavior?
Psychodynamic theory
Which of the following is a criticism of the classical categorization approach?
It does not account for fuzzy boundaries
Which type of intelligence is associated with the ability to process information in novel or complex situations?
Fluid intelligence
What is the primary focus of the social-cognitive perspective on personality?
The interaction between the individual and their environment
Which of the following is a characteristic of a schema?
A set of expectations about objects and situations
Which of the following is true about the serial position effect?
Items at the beginning and end of a list are most likely to be remembered
Which of the following is a type of long-term memory?
Declarative memory
What is the relationship between stress and memory according to the passage?
Chronic stress can lead to memory issues
Which of the following is an example of a memory strategy that does not work well?
Studying in massed sessions (cramming)
According to the passage, what is the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive abilities?
Bilingualism enhances mental flexibility and cognitive abilities
What is the difference between declarative and nondeclarative memory?
Declarative memory is consciously retrieved, while nondeclarative memory is unconsciously retrieved
What is the relationship between memory and learning according to the passage?
Mistakes can help you learn, indicating a positive relationship between memory and learning
What is the main difference between the Chomskyan and Skinnerian views on language acquisition?
Chomsky believes language is a biological phenomenon, while Skinner believes it is learned through conditioning
Test your knowledge on experimental conditions that could affect causal claims, including random assignment, random sample, and double-blind experiments. Understand why these factors are crucial in research studies.
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