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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of secretion in merocrine glands?
What is the primary mechanism of secretion in merocrine glands?
Compound glands have multiple branched ducts.
Compound glands have multiple branched ducts.
True
What are myoepithelial cells?
What are myoepithelial cells?
Cells that help expel secretory products from gland lumen.
Which type of glands secrete mucin?
Which type of glands secrete mucin?
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Match the types of secretion with their descriptions:
Match the types of secretion with their descriptions:
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______ glands develop from invaginations of surface epithelium.
______ glands develop from invaginations of surface epithelium.
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What is a characteristic of simple glands?
What is a characteristic of simple glands?
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Which type of glands are example of a compound gland?
Which type of glands are example of a compound gland?
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Study Notes
Exocrine Gland Organization and Classification
- Exocrine glands develop from surface epithelium, connected by ducts.
- Secretory portion can be acinar (berry-like) or tubular.
- Conducting portion are ducts that may also have secretory functions.
- Simple glands have a single unbranched duct with either branched or unbranched secretory portions.
- Compound glands have multiple branched ducts with acinar, tubular, or tubuloacinar secretory portions.
Types of Secretion
- Merocrine (Eccrine for sweat glands): Exocytosis of proteins, present in sweat glands, salivary glands, and exocrine pancreas.
- Apocrine: Shedding of apical cell segment filled with secretory product, present in mammary glands.
- Holocrine: Lysis of cells filled with secretory product, present in sebaceous glands of skin.
Glandular Epithelium in Merocrine Glands
- Serous Cells: Contain abundant RER and Golgi in the basal portion and secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm. They secrete proteins.
- Mucous Cells: Secrete mucin, a glycoprotein rich in carbohydrates, that stains poorly with H&E but stains well with PAS. Present in the basal portion with mucin-filled secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm. Mucin becomes viscous mucus when secreted.
- Myoepithelial Cells: Located within the basal lamina, these cells possess long actomyosin-rich processes surrounding epithelial cells. Contractions help expel secretory product from the gland lumen. Present in sweat, salivary, and mammary glands.
Ion and Fluid Transport
- Glandular epithelia use ion channels and pumps, such as Na+/K+ ATPase.
- Mitochondria provide energy for transport.
- Membrane specializations increase surface area.
- Tight junctions seal off the apical surface from the basal surface.
Unicellular Glands
- Example: Goblet cells, found in the lining of the small intestine and in the respiratory epithelium of the trachea
Multicellular Compound Glands
- Connected tissue capsule encloses the gland.
- Septa divide the parenchyma into lobules.
- Connective tissue stroma contains: capillary plexus, nerves, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
- Parenchyma contains: secretory acini or tubules, intercalated ducts, intralobular ducts, and interlobular ducts (in septa).
Salivary Glands
- Histological Organization: Contains a capsule, lobules, and a stroma composed of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphocytes.
- Parenchyma: Contains acini, intercalated ducts, intralobular ducts, and interlobular ducts.
- Types of acini: Serous, mucous, mixed.
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge on the organization and classification of exocrine glands, focusing on their secretory mechanisms. Explore the different types of glands, including simple and compound, as well as the types of secretion: merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine. Understand the structure and function of glandular epithelium in relation to these glands.
