Cytologic Techniques and Exfoliative Cytology

<p>Class I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radio Active Scan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark field microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radio Immuno Assay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunofluorescence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To study cells obtained from different parts of the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of palm-leaf or ferning crystal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in cases of cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low estrogen and high progesterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papanicolaou/Pap's smear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased number of cells with structureless nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood culture samples (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed smear washed in water and rehydrated in descending alcohol solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To kill, harden, and preserve tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Squash separation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance metabolic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-10°C to -20°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be cheap and stable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mercuric Chloride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teasing or dissociation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breakdown by proteolytic enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Best Carmine Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weigert-Pal Technique (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram's Iodine Stain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mallory's PTAH Stain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congo Red Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudan Black B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To fix brain tissues for diagnosis of Rabies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flemming's solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasmic Fixative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formalin with Post-Chroming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the movement of the cover slip (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow general microscopic study of tissue structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apapy's Medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single fixative substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is one of the ringing media to seal cover slips. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmium Tetroxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may negatively affect the fixation process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canada Balsam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.518 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent fluid escapage from the mount (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General slides for permanent storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brun's Fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of cells removed from different parts of the body, including the lining epithelium, mucosal surfaces, and fluid aspirates.

A comparison of immature and mature cells, used to determine the location and extent of disease.

Increased MI values may indicate cancer or hormonal abnormalities.

Percentage of cells having small, shrunken, structureless nuclei.

A routine cytologic procedure using the Papanicolaou stain, examining cells for abnormalities.

Palm-leaf crystal formation in a sample that indicates fertility.

Infertility; Absence of fern pattern in sample. Lower estrogen, more progesterone.

Persistent high levels of oestrogen or progesterone found for 28 days in cytologic cases.

A technique separating tissues in saline solution for microscopic examination. This involves careful dissection and may use phase contrast or bright field microscopy.

A technique where small tissue pieces are compressed on a slide to spread cells for microscopic examination. This often utilizes a cover slip or another slide.

A technique where sections or sediments are spread on a slide for examination. This is useful for examining fluids or cell suspensions.

A process that kills, hardens, and preserves tissues for microscopic examination. Fixation prevents decomposition and preserves tissue structure.

Cellular death or destruction within a living organism.

The decomposition of organic matter, especially protein, by bacteria, resulting in foul odor.

The destruction of cells by their own enzymes. This occurs after death.

The breakdown of organic matter into simpler substances by microorganisms like bacteria.

A type of stain used specifically for blood cell analysis in cytology.

A technique used in cytology to identify specific molecules like cancer cells, enzymes, and hormones.

The fundamental principle behind immunofluorescence, where specific antibodies bind to corresponding antigens in the sample.

A type of microscopy used in cytology to enhance the contrast and visibility of cellular structures.

A microscopy technique used to examine cell details, especially those that are transparent or difficult to see.

A microscopy technique used in cytology to identify certain organisms by creating a dark background and illuminating the specimen's edges.

The study of important cellular elements and their chemical composition, often carried out alongside cytology.

A powerful technique used in cytology to examine minute details of cells, even down to organelle level.

A type of fixative that specifically preserves the structure of the nucleus within a cell.

A type of fixative that primarily preserves nuclear structures, used for studying chromosomes and cell division.

A fixative designed to preserve the structures and components of the cytoplasm, the cell's 'factory' where most processes occur.

A well-known chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative, widely used for preserving both nuclear and cytoplasmic structures.

A variation of Flemming's solution without acetic acid (HAC), particularly used for preserving mitochondria, the cell's 'powerhouses'.

A cytoplasmic fixative that excels in preserving the structural integrity of various cellular components, often used for studying organs and tissues.

A secondary fixation technique where formalin-fixed tissues are further treated with potassium dichromate to enhance staining and preserve structures.

A fixative primarily used for preserving mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus, known for its excellent preservation of cell organelles.

A staining technique used to visualize elastic fibers in tissue samples. It colors elastic fibers black, while other tissues are stained in shades of red or green.

A stain used in histology to differentiate between collagen, muscle, and cytoplasm within tissues. It stains collagen fibers blue, muscle fibers red, and cytoplasm in shades of pink.

A staining technique specifically for amyloid, a protein that can accumulate in tissues and cause disease. It stains amyloid deposits bright red.

A silver impregnation technique used for staining nerve fibers, especially the fine axons and dendrites. It stains these structures black.

A stain used to identify carbohydrates, such as glycogen and mucopolysaccharides in tissue sections. It gives a magenta-pink color to these substances.

A stain for lipids, particularly fats and phospholipids. It stains these substances black.

A stain used to identify astrocytes in the central nervous system. It stains astrocytes blue-green.

A chemical test to detect bile pigments in tissues or body fluids. It produces a green-blue color change in the presence of bile pigments.

A syrupy fluid placed between a section and the coverslip, securing it in place and preventing movement. Its refractive index is similar to glass (1.518) for optimal viewing.

A measure of how much light bends when passing through a substance. A high refractive index helps to see details under the microscope.

A mounting medium with a high refractive index (1.52), ideal for viewing methylene blue stained nerve preparations.

A mounting medium specifically for frozen sections from water or paraffin, requiring dehydration and clearing.

A natural resin mounting medium extracted from the Canadian fir tree. It has a refractive index of 1.524 and is miscible in xylene.

The process of sealing the edges of the coverslip to prevent leakage of fluid mounts.

A high refractive index allows for greater clarity and detail under the microscope by minimizing light scattering. This makes the specimen appear sharper and easier to observe.

Canada Balsam is the natural resin mounting medium that works well with most staining techniques, as it is miscible in xylene and offers a suitable refractive index.