Exercise Science Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between single blind and double blind studies?

In a single blind study, patients do not know what group they are in, while in a double blind study, both patients and observers are unaware of group assignments.

What are the primary roles of Athletic Trainers (ATs) and Team Physicians (TPs) in sports medicine?

ATs focus on the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries, while TPs work with ATs to assess medical history, diagnose injuries, and manage return-to-play decisions.

What are some potential consequences of inactivity due to injuries?

Inactivity can lead to muscle atrophy, decreased strength and endurance, and impaired neuromuscular coordination.

Define isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic muscle contractions.

Isometric contractions involve force generation without movement, isotonic contractions involve movement, and isokinetic contractions occur at a constant speed during movement. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions.

Concentric contractions involve the shortening of the muscle, while eccentric contractions involve the lengthening of the muscle. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between open and closed chain exercises with examples.

Open chain exercises are isolated movements, such as knee extension, while closed chain exercises involve movement with foot contact, like squats. Signup and view all the answers

What is a concussion, and what are its potential symptoms?

A concussion is a brain injury caused by a collision, leading to symptoms such as headache, nausea, drowsiness, and memory loss. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between arthroscopic and open surgical procedures?

Arthroscopic procedures are minimally invasive, using small incisions to repair joint damage, while open procedures involve larger incisions to access the joint. Signup and view all the answers

What professions fall under the umbrella of exercise science?

Exercise Physiology, Registered Dietician, Biomechanics, Sports Psychology, Athletic Training, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death related to sedentary behavior in the US?

Heart Disease. Signup and view all the answers

How do morbidity and mortality differ?

Morbidity refers to disease, while mortality refers to death. Signup and view all the answers

What is Exercise Science?

The study of various aspects of physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic performance. Signup and view all the answers

What does ACSM stand for?

American College of Sports Medicine. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a false positive from a false negative?

A false positive is a Type 1 error where the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true, while a false negative is a Type 2 error not rejecting the null when it is false. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between qualitative and quantitative variables?

Quantitative variables are analyzed using numerical data, whereas qualitative variables are analyzed through non-numerical observations or interviews. Signup and view all the answers

What does a valid test measure?

A valid test measures what it claims to measure. Signup and view all the answers

What are longitudinal studies and how do they differ from cross-sectional studies?

Longitudinal studies are conducted over a range of time, while cross-sectional studies collect data at a single point in time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inclusion and exclusion criteria in a study?

Inclusion criteria are characteristics needed to participate, while exclusion criteria eliminate certain subjects from the study. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1

Exercise science encompasses several professions, including Exercise Physiology (Strength and Conditioning), Registered Dieticians (Nutrition), Biomechanics, Sports Psychology, Athletic Training, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy.
Leading causes of death in the US include Heart Disease, linked to sedentary behavior.
Morbidity refers to illness or disease; Mortality refers to death.
Exercise science studies the elements of physical activity, exercise, sports, and athletic performance, and the adaptations caused by physical activity.
ACSM certifications include Group Exercise Instructor, Personal Trainer, Exercise Physiologist, and Clinical Exercise Physiologist.
ACSM stands for the American College of Sports Medicine.
NASM stands for the National Academy of Sports Medicine.
Exercise science demand increases with the increasing participation in sports, resulting in growing need for coaches, research, and rehabilitation.
Physical inactivity can lead to deconditioning, pain, depression, disability and fear of movement in individuals.

Chapter 2

Type 1 error (false positive) occurs when rejecting a null hypothesis that is true, while type 2 error (false negative) happens when failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
Research qualities can be assessed by evidence hierarchy (systematic review, random controlled studies, case studies, expert opinion). Expert opinion is lowest and has high bias risk, systematic review is highest quality with the least amount of bias.
Test reliability means a test produces consistent results over time or with different testers.
Test validity refers to a test measuring what it claims to measure.
Quantitative variables use numerical data, while qualitative variables use non-numerical data (observations, opinions).
Peer review involves experts evaluating the validity and ethics of research.
Independent variables are manipulated, while dependent variables are observed/measured in response.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves ongoing research, evaluation, applying best methods, and evaluating outcomes for patient care.

Chapter 3

Inclusion and exclusion criteria define characteristics for study participation and exclusion (respectively).
Longitudinal studies track subjects over time; cross-sectional studies examine data at a single point in time.
Prospective studies collect new data; retrospective studies analyze existing data.
A research hypothesis provides an explanation for the outcome of a study.
Blinding involves hiding treatment group information to help avoid influencing results. Single-blind studies keep participants unaware, while double-blind studies hide participant and observer information.
Athletic trainers (ATs) and team physicians (TPs) provide injury prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and patient care in sports medicine. This includes pre-competition medical history, injury evaluation, diagnosis, qualification, return to activity planning, and physical assessment.
Physical inactivity can lead to many adverse effects.

Chapter 4

Injuries cause pain, swelling, decreased range of motion (ROM), muscle atrophy, reduced strength, endurance, and neuromuscular coordination, requiring therapeutic intervention.
Types of therapeutic modalities include cryotherapy, cryokinetics, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, massage, traction, and compression.
Muscle contractions include isometric (force without movement), isotonic (force with movement), and isokinetic (force with constant speed).
Concentric contractions shorten muscles, while eccentric lengthen them.
Open-chain exercises isolate movements; closed-chain exercises are connected to a base.
Concussion results from the brain hitting the skull creating cerebral concussion with symptoms including headache, nausea, dizziness, sensitivity, memory problems, and concentration issues.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) arises from repeated head injuries.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries often occur in athletes, primarily female athletes.
Arthroscopic procedures are minimally invasive methods for examining and treating joint damage, while open procedures involve more extensive exposure of the joint area.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of Exercise Science in this quiz, including the various professions within the field such as Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, and Athletic Training. Understand the impact of physical activity on health, the importance of certifications from ACSM and NASM, and the growing demand for exercise professionals. Test your knowledge on morbidity, mortality, and the relevance of exercise science in combating sedentary lifestyles.