Exercise Physiology: Respiratory Function

<p>They remain unchanged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase and are subsequently removed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurogenic signals to the respiratory centers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During severe and sustained exercise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It drops to approximately 7.2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is well matched. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCO2 significantly increases during light exercise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>98% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shifts to the right. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume of O2 carried by blood combined with hemoglobin per 100 ml of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milliliters per 100 ml of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin significantly increases the capacity of blood to transport oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of oxygen from high to low pressure areas in the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By being physically dissolved in the plasma and bound to hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference in partial pressure of oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher temperatures decrease the solubility of oxygen in plasma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences the diffusion rate of oxygen into the bloodstream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in pH and increase in H+ concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased production of 2,3-DPG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases pH, making the solution more acidic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes a decrease in blood pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

The pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood.

The pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood.

A measure of acidity in the blood.

A build-up of lactic acid in the blood, often during strenuous exercise.

The flow of blood through the lungs.

The amount of oxygen supplied to the body during exercise increases to meet the demands of the muscles.

The amount of carbon dioxide removed from the body during exercise increases to balance the increased production of carbon dioxide by the muscles.

Nerves send signals to the brain stem, which controls breathing, to increase ventilation during exercise.

The main source of oxygen for the body's tissues.

The amount of oxygen that diffuses across the lung membrane per minute, for each millimeter of mercury difference in pressure between the alveoli and the blood.

Oxygen is carried in the blood in two ways: dissolved in the plasma and bound to hemoglobin.

The amount of oxygen carried by 100 ml of blood.

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be carried by 100 ml of blood.

Oxygen that is physically dissolved in the blood plasma.

The protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen, allowing for efficient transport.

The percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs).

It transports approximately 98% of the oxygen in the blood.

During exercise, the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in tissues is around 20% when the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is 20 mmHg.

Tissues utilize approximately 50% of the oxygen delivered by arterial blood when the PO2 is 20 mmHg.

A shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right indicates that hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily at a given PO2.

Increased temperature, elevated carbon dioxide levels, and decreased pH (acidity) all facilitate the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.

The rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve during exercise ensures that tissues receive adequate oxygen despite increased demand.

An increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.

A rise in the temperature of the blood.

A decrease in blood pH, making it more acidic, and an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).

An increase in the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in red blood cells (RBCs).

This is a by-product of red blood cell metabolism. It affects the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, making it harder for the hemoglobin to hold onto oxygen.