Exercise Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'oxygen debt' refer to in relation to exercise?

  • Complete cessation of oxygen consumption after exercising
  • Insufficient oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise (correct)
  • Rate of oxygen delivery decreases during high-intensity exercise
  • Excess oxygen consumed after stopping exercise

    • What happens to oxygen uptake as exercise intensity increases?

  • Oxygen uptake is sluggish to rise but eventually increases (correct)
  • Oxygen consumption remains constant regardless of intensity
  • Oxygen uptake immediately meets energy demands
  • Oxygen consumption decreases with increased effort

    • What is the primary process the body uses to meet energy demands during steady-state exercise?

  • Aerobic metabolism (correct)
  • Anaerobic metabolism
  • Lactic acid fermentation
  • Phosphagen system

    • What is meant by 'O2 deficit' during exercise?

    <p>The time delay before oxygen uptake meets demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to increased oxygen consumption as exercise intensity rises?

    <p>Increased delivery of oxygen-rich blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the body use phosphocreatine during initial stages of exercise?

    <p>To rapidly replenish ATP before oxygen uptake increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response characterizes the initial phase of exercise concerning oxygen consumption?

    <p>A gradual increase in oxygen uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause the body to fall into 'oxygen debt' after stopping exercise?

    <p>Delayed recovery of aerobic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What MET value is associated with running at 6 mph?

    <p>10.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity has the highest MET value among the listed exercises?

    <p>Running up stairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What MET value corresponds to playing doubles tennis?

    <p>5.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which household activity has a MET value of 3.5?

    <p>Vacuuming or Mopping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MET value for golf while walking and carrying clubs?

    <p>15.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities has a MET value that is closest to 6.0?

    <p>Downhill Skiing, moderate effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which MET value is assigned to walking at 2.5 mph?

    <p>2.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What MET value is attributed to playing soccer?

    <p>10.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lower relative exercise intensity indicate about fat burning?

    <p>A greater proportion of fat is burned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) used to measure?

    <p>The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what RER value is the body primarily using fat as fuel?

    <p>0.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can it be misleading to look only at the percentage oxidation of a fuel?

    <p>Because it does not account for overall energy expenditure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fuel is most effective for high intensity exercise?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding ATP production from different substrates?

    <p>ATP production is fastest with PC and carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to occur with fat oxidation at rest?

    <p>Percentage of fat oxidation is highest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is affected by the intensity of exercise in relation to fat use?

    <p>The grams of fat consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an RER value of 1.0 indicate?

    <p>All carbohydrate oxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the graph showing fat burning be inaccurate?

    <p>It implies fat burning is unaffected by exercise intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fitness do individuals generally lose every 10 years after the age of 40?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VO2max measure in relation to longevity?

    <p>Cardiovascular fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As one ages, how does VO2max typically change?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes VO2?

    <p>The product of cardiac output and O2 extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is likely to have the highest VO2max?

    <p>Endurance-trained women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an individual require VO2max for?

    <p>Cardio endurance activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is aerobic capacity typically described in fitness assessments?

    <p>As the best metric of endurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the decline in fitness typically begin according to the provided information?

    <p>40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities requires the highest VO2?

    <p>Running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of aerobic capacity, which gender generally has a lower average VO2max?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors primarily determines changes in VO2max with age?

    <p>Cardiac output and oxygen extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect does aging have on aerobic capacity?

    <p>Decreases aerobic capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about VO2 is true?

    <p>It can predict longevity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise is most beneficial for preserving VO2max?

    <p>Aerobic exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate VO2 using Fick's Equation?

    <p>VO2 (ml/min/kg) = HR (bpm) x SV (ml) x (CaO2 – CvO2) (ml / 100ml blood)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is treadmill testing preferred for measuring VO2max?

    <p>It allows for greater muscle engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VO2 represent?

    <p>The volume of oxygen taken up by the body for metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cardiac output a measure of?

    <p>The volume of blood pumped by the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As exercise intensity increases, which of the following is true about VO2?

    <p>VO2 increases to meet rising oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the oxygen deficit phase of exercise?

    <p>There is a temporary lack of sufficient oxygen supply to muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is VO2max mainly used to predict?

    <p>Longevity or potential lifespan of an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitochondria in energy metabolism?

    <p>They facilitate the conversion of oxygen into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oxygen extraction measured in the muscles?

    <p>By comparing levels of oxygen in arteries and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key determinant of stroke volume?

    <p>The strength of heart muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is typically used to express the energy expenditure related to VO2?

    <p>Kilocalories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes oxygen consumption during initial exercise?

    <p>It gradually increases to meet energy demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At very high exercise intensities, what typically happens to VO2?

    <p>A plateau in VO2 is observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation is used to relate the heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output = HR x SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main forms of fat mentioned?

    <p>Muscle lipids and non-esterified fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body respond to longer exercise duration regarding fuel use?

    <p>The body relies more heavily on plasma non-esterified fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary takeaway when considering exercise and fat utilization?

    <p>Longer workouts lead to more fat burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes fuel shifting during exercise?

    <p>Fat utilization increases as exercise duration extends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes muscle lipids?

    <p>They contribute to energy during sustained physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely outcome when exercising at a constant pace over extended periods?

    <p>More prominent use of fat stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a misconception about fat as a fuel source during exercise?

    <p>Fat cannot be used at all during high intensity workouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) play during prolonged exercise?

    <p>They assist in reducing muscle glycogen depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the blend of fuels used during longer bouts of exercise?

    <p>Fat becomes the dominant fuel source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can influence the shift from glycogen to fat utilization during exercise?

    <p>The duration of the exercise session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Metabolism, Rest, and Exercise

    • Course: KINE 1020
    • Instructor: Michael Riddell, PhD
    • Date: Wed Nov 13 2023

    Measuring VO2 and VO2max

    • VO2 and VO2max are measured using various methods, including respirometry.
    • Treadmills and stationary bikes are used for testing.
    • Equipment like masks and bags are used to collect breath samples.

    Fick's Equation

    • VO2 (milliliters/minute/kilogram) = HR (beats per minute) x SV (milliliters) x (CaO2 – CvO2) (milliliters)
    • HR: heart rate
    • SV: stroke volume
    • CaO2: Arterial oxygen content
    • CvO2: Venous oxygen content

    VO2 Increase with Exercise Workload

    • Oxygen deficit occurs during the initial stages of exercise.
    • The body takes time to fully adapt its oxygen consumption.
    • Oxygen debt describes the additional oxygen consumption after exercise ends to return to resting levels.

    What Happens with Exercise

    • Exercise increases oxygen consumption.
    • Fick's equation is used to measure and calculate oxygen consumption.
    • Delivery of more blood rich with oxygen is key to increasing O2 consumption.

    VO2max Testing

    • VO2max is the maximum rate of oxygen uptake a person can achieve during intense exercise.
    • Testing methods include step protocols and ramp protocols.
    • VO2max testing assesses the body's ability to transport and utilize oxygen.
    • VO2 max plateaus when the body can't take any more oxygen.

    What is a MET?

    • 1 MET = 3.5 ml O2/kg/min.
    • MET: a measure of exercise intensity
    • Measures energy used during rest
    • Multiplying MET by 3.5 can convert exercise intensity to energy expenditure.

    VO2 Values for Various Activities

    • Different activities have different VO2 values, reflecting varying metabolic demands.
    • MET values associated with various activities are listed.

    Why is VO2max Important?

    • VO2max is a key indicator of an individual's cardio-respiratory fitness.
    • The maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during exercise is assessed using VO2max testing.
    • Loss of fitness is associated with age.
    • VO2max is important indicator of long-term health and longevity.

    Main Pathways of Energy Metabolism

    • Metabolism involves pathways to convert fats, carbs, and proteins into energy.
    • The process converts fuel molecules into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for cellular use
    • Glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation are key metabolic pathways.

    Fuels Used in Exercise

    • Carbohydrates (muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, and plasma glucose).
    • Proteins (whole body).
    • Fats (muscle and adipose tissues).
    • These fuel sources are utilized during exercise.

    Ratio of Carbohydrate to Fat Utilization

    • RER (Respiratory Exchange Ratio) reflects fuel usage.
    • RER varies with exercise intensity.
    • Lower intensity exercise relies on fats to a greater extent.
    • Higher intensity exercise relies on carbohydrates to greater extent.
    • Fat oxidation peaks at moderate intensity but not for maximal energy expenditure.

    Fat as a Fuel

    • While fat provides energy during rest and low-intensity exercise, carbohydrate is better suited for high-intensity activities.
    • The crossover concept signifies the shift from fat to carbohydrate as the primary fuel.

    Fuel Use During Exercise at Different Intensities

    • Different fuel sources (IMTG, plasma FFA, plasma glucose, and muscle glycogen) are used in varying proportions depending on exercise intensity.

    What is FatMax?

    • FatMax represents the exercise intensity that maximizes fat oxidation.
    • Fat oxidation peaks at moderate exercise intensities.
    • Fat oxidation decreases at high intensity exercise.
    • Exercise at moderate intensities can lead to better use of fat as a source of fuel.

    Women are Better Fat Burners Than Men

    • Females tend to oxidize fat at higher rates, compared to males during exercise.
    • There are gender-related differences in how fat is used.

    Fuel Metabolism at Fixed Intensity During Exercise

    • Muscle fuels such as triacylglycerol, plasma NEFA, and muscle glycogen serve as fuel sources, based on exercise duration.
    • The longer you exercise, the more fat you burn.

    Bottom Line

    • For significant fat burning, exercise at a moderate intensity for prolonged durations is effective.

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    Related Documents

    KINE 1020: Energy Metabolism, Rest and Exercise (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of exercise physiology, including oxygen debt, oxygen uptake, and energy demands during various intensities of exercise. Explore how physiological responses vary with exercise intensity and understand the body's mechanisms for meeting energy requirements.

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