Exercise Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle fiber is best suited for short bursts of intense activity, like sprinting?

  • Slow twitch
  • Type 11B (correct)
  • Type 1
  • Type 1A

    • What is the primary purpose of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

  • Gas exchange
  • Filtering air
  • Producing mucus
  • Transporting air to and from the lungs (correct)

    • Which of the following energy systems is capable of producing ATP for the longest duration?

  • Anaerobic respiration
  • Aerobic system (correct)
  • Glycolysis
  • ATP-PC system

    • What is the primary by-product of glycolysis?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change marks the onset of the ventilatory threshold?

    <p>A significant increase in ventilation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions primarily affects the respiratory zone of the lungs?

    <p>COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these energy systems is NOT considered anaerobic?

    <p>Aerobic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of external respiration?

    <p>Gas exchange within the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart?

    <p>It transmits the electrical signal from the SA node to the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veins?

    <p>Transport oxygenated blood throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pulmonary circuit?

    <p>Transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate?

    <p>Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of protein in the body?

    <p>Builds and repairs tissues, including muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a low and high glycemic index food?

    <p>Low glycemic index foods cause blood sugar to rise slowly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the Female Athlete Triad?

    <p>Disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur due to dehydration?

    <p>Decreased blood volume and impaired circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of chondroblasts in cartilage development?

    <p>They produce the cartilage model for future bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture is characterized by the bone piercing the surrounding skin?

    <p>Compound fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of fracture repair?

    <p>Formation of blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes isotonic concentric contractions from eccentric contractions?

    <p>Concentric contractions shorten the muscle, while eccentric lengthen it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to muscle attachment, what role does the origin play?

    <p>It is the point fixed to the immovable bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the inability of bones to calcify properly?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is characterized by striations and found in the heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type primarily serves to stabilize the origin of the prime mover during movement?

    <p>Fixator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tendons in the muscular system?

    <p>Attach muscle to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

    <p>Store calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the muscle cell membrane receives the signal for contraction?

    <p>T-tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sliding filament theory primarily describe?

    <p>The interaction between actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that muscle fibers contract completely or not at all?

    <p>All or none law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which anatomical position are the palms facing forward?

    <p>Anatomical position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During muscle contraction, what happens to the troponin complex?

    <p>It changes shape, exposing binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of muscles listed?

    <p>Amino acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plane divides the body into upper and lower halves?

    <p>Transverse plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes a motor unit?

    <p>A single motor neuron and the muscles it stimulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement term describes the action of turning the sole of the foot outward?

    <p>Eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is characterized by having no medullary cavity?

    <p>Short bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are osteoblasts responsible for?

    <p>Bone building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the axial skeleton?

    <p>Forms the main vertical structure of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only floating bone in the human body?

    <p>Hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement is described as moving away from the midline of the body?

    <p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Movement Terms

    • Anatomical position: feet forward, palms forward, standing erect
    • Sagittal plane: side-to-side movement; frontal axis
    • Anterior: front
    • Posterior: back
    • Frontal plane: front-to-back movement; sagittal axis
    • Inferior: downward surfaces
    • Superior: upward surfaces
    • Distal: farther from attachment point
    • Proximal: closer to attachment point
    • Superficial: closer to surface of body
    • Deep: further from surface of body
    • Pronation: palms facing inward
    • Supination: palms facing forward
    • Abduction: away from midline
    • Adduction: towards midline
    • Inversion: sole of foot turned inward
    • Eversion: sole of foot turned outward
    • Dorsiflexion: foot turned upward
    • Plantar flexion: foot turned downward
    • Flexion: reducing angle between joints
    • Extension: increasing angle between joints
    • Protraction: shoulders move inward
    • Retraction: shoulders move outward
    • Opposition: thumb touches other fingers
    • Reposition: thumb returns to neutral position
    • Circumduction: combination of movements
    • Medial Rotation: rotation toward the midline
    • Lateral Rotation: rotation away from the midline

    Skeletal System

    • Bones are organs
    • Appendicular skeleton: limbs and girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton
    • Axial skeleton: longitudinal axis (vertebral column, sacrum, coccyx, bony thorax, skull)
    • Skull: all joined by immovable joints except jawbone
    • Hyoid bone: only floating bone (not attached to other bones)
    • Vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacrum, 4 coccyx
    • Ribs: true (1-7), false (8-10), floating (11-12)
    • Long bones: e.g., femur; tubular shape with cavity
    • Short bones: no medullary cavity; spongy bone
    • Flat bones: "protective"; large surface area; e.g., cranium
    • Sesamoid bones: embedded in tendons or joints; e.g., patella
    • Irregular bones: specialized shapes; e.g., vertebrae
    • Spongy bone: cancellous; lots of open space
    • Compact bone: cortical; dense; smooth
    • Osteoclasts: break down bone
    • Osteoblasts: build bone
    • Osteocytes: mature bone cells
    • Endochondral ossification: cartilage model develops into bone

    Joint Types (and Muscular Systems)

    • Muscle cell = muscle fiber
    • Fascicle: bundle of muscle fibers
    • Actin: thin filament
    • Myosin: thick filament
    • Muscle fiber: endomysium, fascicle: perimysium, muscle: epimysium
    • Myofibrils: long fibers in muscle cells
    • Myofilaments: proteins within myofibrils
    • Concentric contraction: muscle shortens
    • Eccentric contraction: muscle lengthens
    • Isometric contraction: no change in muscle length
    • Origin: attachment to stationary bone
    • Insertion: attachment to moveable bone
    • Ligaments: connect bone to bone
    • Tendons: connect muscle to bone
    • Three muscle types: cardiac (heart), smooth (internal organs), skeletal (movement)

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on exercise physiology, covering topics such as muscle fiber types, energy systems, and respiratory functions. This quiz will help reinforce key concepts essential for understanding human performance and fitness.

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