Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Adaptations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of exercise on blood clot formation?

Decreased

Which gender generally has larger stroke volume (SV) during exercise?

Males

What is the primary fuel supply for muscles during exercise?

Carbohydrates

Which gender has higher myoglobin concentration in muscles?

Males Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for fat mobilization and beta-oxidation during exercise?

Free fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is primarily utilized as fuel during exercise?

Leucine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor affecting lactate accumulation during endurance activity?

Workload intensity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy storage molecule depleted during short-term, high-intensity exercise?

Phosphocreatine (PC) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of training leads to an increase in VO2max?

Aerobic endurance training Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of ATP production during maximal workloads?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the muscle pump have on blood flow in the upper body?

Low effect due to being on the same level or above the heart Signup and view all the answers

What happens to stroke volume (SV) during static exercise?

Decreases due to less 'preload' and more 'afterload' Signup and view all the answers

What effect does static exercise have on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)?

Rapid increase in both SBP and DBP Signup and view all the answers

Where is the muscle pump effect higher, resulting in more blood flow?

Lower body due to more muscle Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cardiac output (Q) in the upper body compared to the lower body?

Stays the same most of the time Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of more blood vessels in the lower body compared to the upper body?

Higher blood pressure in the lower body Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen consumption in the upper body during an increase in cardiac output?

2L/min Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen consumption in the lower body when the cardiac output reaches 20L/min?

3L/min Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the increase in musculature have on blood flow distribution?

Can result in 'stealing' of blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What effect does static exercise have on the heart's refilling time?

Decreases due to bigger afterload Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adaptation of the heart to endurance training?

Increased size, volume, and mass of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of an 'athlete's heart'?

Cardiac hypertrophy, bradycardia, and increased stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation allows trained athletes to maintain the same cardiac output with a lower heart rate?

Larger stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

How do arteries respond to aerobic training?

Increased diameter, improved responsiveness, and better blood flow regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adaptation of capillarization and angiogenesis with training?

Increased number of capillaries and blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What effect does endurance training have on total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure during exercise?

Decreases total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adaptation of trained individuals that allows them to reach a higher heart rate during exercise?

Psychological factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cardiac output in trained individuals compared to untrained individuals?

Remains mostly the same for trained and untrained individuals, but trained individuals have higher cardiac output at maximum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adaptation of arteries to aerobic training?

Increased diameter, improved responsiveness, and better blood flow regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adaptation of the heart to endurance training?

Increased size, volume, and mass of the heart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Adaptations

Static exercise involves muscle contraction with occluded blood vessels, leading to a delayed increase in blood flow until muscle relaxation
Dynamic (aerobic) exercise results in a greater increase in heart rate and volume load compared to static (pressure load) exercise
Females have higher cardiac output and heart rate, but lower stroke volume than males at the same absolute work rate
Children have smaller cardiac output and stroke volume, while elderly individuals have higher heart rate and blood pressure at the same absolute work rate
Endurance training increases the size, volume, and mass of the heart, leading to increased blood filling capacity and muscle size
Athletes develop an "athlete's heart" characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, bradycardia, and increased stroke volume
Cardiac output remains mostly the same for trained and untrained individuals, but trained individuals have higher cardiac output at maximum due to a larger heart and stroke volume
Trained athletes have a larger stroke volume, allowing for a lower heart rate to maintain the same cardiac output
Trained individuals have lower heart rate, increased muscle mass, and psychological factors that allow them to reach a higher heart rate during exercise
Arteries respond to aerobic training with increased diameter, improved responsiveness, and endothelial functioning, leading to better blood flow regulation
Capillarization and angiogenesis increase with training, resulting in more capillaries and blood volume, with a subsequent increase in red blood cells
Baroreceptors in the arteries sense pressure and try to regulate cardiac output and resistance, resulting in changes in total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure during exercise

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Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Adaptations Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the effect of exercise on blood clot formation?

Which gender generally has larger stroke volume (SV) during exercise?

What is the primary fuel supply for muscles during exercise?

Which gender has higher myoglobin concentration in muscles?

What is the primary mechanism for fat mobilization and beta-oxidation during exercise?

Which amino acid is primarily utilized as fuel during exercise?

What is the primary factor affecting lactate accumulation during endurance activity?

What is the primary energy storage molecule depleted during short-term, high-intensity exercise?

Which type of training leads to an increase in VO2max?

What is the primary source of ATP production during maximal workloads?

What effect does the muscle pump have on blood flow in the upper body?

What happens to stroke volume (SV) during static exercise?

What effect does static exercise have on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)?

Where is the muscle pump effect higher, resulting in more blood flow?

What happens to cardiac output (Q) in the upper body compared to the lower body?

What is the effect of more blood vessels in the lower body compared to the upper body?

What is the oxygen consumption in the upper body during an increase in cardiac output?

What is the oxygen consumption in the lower body when the cardiac output reaches 20L/min?

What effect does the increase in musculature have on blood flow distribution?

What effect does static exercise have on the heart's refilling time?

What is the primary adaptation of the heart to endurance training?

What is the characteristic of an 'athlete's heart'?

What adaptation allows trained athletes to maintain the same cardiac output with a lower heart rate?

How do arteries respond to aerobic training?

What is the primary adaptation of capillarization and angiogenesis with training?

What effect does endurance training have on total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure during exercise?

What is the primary adaptation of trained individuals that allows them to reach a higher heart rate during exercise?

What is the characteristic of cardiac output in trained individuals compared to untrained individuals?

What is the primary adaptation of arteries to aerobic training?

What is the primary adaptation of the heart to endurance training?

Study Notes

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