Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Adaptations Quiz

Exercise reduces the likelihood of blood clots forming.

Males typically have a larger volume of blood pumped out with each heartbeat during exercise.

Carbohydrates are the primary energy source used by muscles during exercise.

Males generally have a higher concentration of myoglobin in their muscles.

Free fatty acids are the main mechanism for fat mobilization and breakdown during exercise.

Leucine is the primary amino acid used as fuel during exercise.

The intensity of the workload is the main factor determining lactate accumulation during endurance activity.

Phosphocreatine (PC) is the primary energy storage molecule depleted during short, intense exercise.

Aerobic endurance training leads to an increase in VO2max, the maximum amount of oxygen an individual can use during exercise.

Glycogen is the primary source of ATP production during maximal workloads, when you're pushing your body to the limit.

The muscle pump effect has a lower impact on blood flow in the upper body because it's on the same level or above the heart.

Stroke volume decreases during static exercise due to reduced 'preload' and increased 'afterload'.

Static exercise causes a rapid increase in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).

The muscle pump effect is more pronounced in the lower body due to a larger muscle mass and greater distance from the heart.

Cardiac output, the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, tends to remain the same between the upper and lower body during exercise.

The greater number of blood vessels in the lower body compared to the upper body leads to higher blood pressure in the lower extremities.

During an increase in cardiac output, the oxygen consumption in the upper body is around 2 liters per minute.

When cardiac output reaches 20 liters per minute, the oxygen consumption in the lower body is around 3 liters per minute.

Increased musculature can lead to 'stealing' of blood flow from other organs as the muscles demand more blood.

Static exercise reduces the heart's refilling time due to increased 'afterload', making it harder for the heart to fill with blood.

The primary adaptation of the heart to endurance training is increased size, volume, and mass of the heart.

An 'athlete's heart' is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy (enlarged heart), bradycardia (slow heart rate), and increased stroke volume.

Trained athletes have a larger stroke volume, which allows them to maintain the same cardiac output with a lower heart rate.

Arteries respond to aerobic training by increasing their diameter, improving their responsiveness to signals, and enhancing blood flow regulation.

The primary adaptation of capillarization and angiogenesis with training is an increase in the number of capillaries and blood volume.

Endurance training decreases total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure during exercise.

Trained individuals are able to reach a higher heart rate during exercise primarily due to psychological factors, such as motivation and mental focus.

Cardiac output in trained individuals is similar to untrained individuals at rest, but trained individuals have a higher cardiac output at maximum.

Aerobic training causes arteries to increase in diameter, become more responsive to signals, and improve blood flow regulation.

The primary adaptation of the heart to endurance training is increased size, volume, and mass of the heart.