Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of inhibition in executive functions?
What is the primary function of inhibition in executive functions?
- Resisting distractions and controlling impulses (correct)
- Understanding abstract concepts
- Adapting to new rules in game scenarios
- Holding information for mental tasks
In the context of executive functions, what does shifting refer to?
In the context of executive functions, what does shifting refer to?
- The ability to remember multiple pieces of information
- The capacity to adapt to new perspectives and rules (correct)
- Persisting in responses regardless of the situation
- The capability to avoid distractions during tasks
What does the Marshmallow test primarily assess in children?
What does the Marshmallow test primarily assess in children?
- Hot executive functions regarding impulse control (correct)
- Memory capacity and retention abilities
- Infants' understanding of object permanence
- Cool executive functions related to logical reasoning
What characteristic is displayed by infants in the A not B error?
What characteristic is displayed by infants in the A not B error?
What is likely the reason behind the A not B error in infants, according to recent research?
What is likely the reason behind the A not B error in infants, according to recent research?
What are the three main components of executive functions?
What are the three main components of executive functions?
Which of the following best describes the 'a not b error' in infancy?
Which of the following best describes the 'a not b error' in infancy?
What is one significant characteristic of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)?
What is one significant characteristic of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)?
What role do mirror neurons play according to the theories regarding ASD?
What role do mirror neurons play according to the theories regarding ASD?
Which symptoms are typically associated with children diagnosed with ASD?
Which symptoms are typically associated with children diagnosed with ASD?
How do children with ASD typically respond to direct gaze from others?
How do children with ASD typically respond to direct gaze from others?
What distinguishes 'hot' executive function tasks from 'cool' tasks?
What distinguishes 'hot' executive function tasks from 'cool' tasks?
At what age do children typically begin to learn imitation skills?
At what age do children typically begin to learn imitation skills?
What does the ability to imitate indicate in typical child development?
What does the ability to imitate indicate in typical child development?
Which statement accurately reflects children with ASD's use of emotional expressions in social situations?
Which statement accurately reflects children with ASD's use of emotional expressions in social situations?
Flashcards
Executive Functions
Executive Functions
Mental processes for controlling behaviour, including inhibition, working memory and shifting.
Inhibition
Inhibition
Resisting distractions and stopping inappropriate behaviours.
Working Memory
Working Memory
Holding information in mind for use, like doing math or reading.
Shifting
Shifting
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Preservation (Infants)
Preservation (Infants)
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Executive Functions (EFs)
Executive Functions (EFs)
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EF Components: Inhibition
EF Components: Inhibition
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EF Components: Working Memory
EF Components: Working Memory
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EF Components: Shifting
EF Components: Shifting
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'A Not B' Error
'A Not B' Error
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Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
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Theory of Mind in ASD
Theory of Mind in ASD
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Imitation in ASD
Imitation in ASD
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Mirror Neurons in ASD
Mirror Neurons in ASD
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Direct Eye Gaze in ASD
Direct Eye Gaze in ASD
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Study Notes
Executive Functions
- Executive functions are abilities enabling voluntary behaviors.
- Three core components: inhibition, working memory, and shifting.
- Inhibition: Self-control; resisting distractions; stopping/slowing responses.
- Working memory: Holding info for use (arguments, math, reading).
- Shifting: Mental flexibility; adapting to changed demands.
- Marshmallow test: Tests hot executive functions (emotional responses).
- Cool executive functions: Not emotionally driven.
- Preservation: Persisting with an incorrect response. (A-not-B error in infants).
- A-not-B error, a measure of infants' growing executive function abilities, showcases preservation.
- Piaget's views on object permanence are questioned because the skill is more linked to executive functions (memory & action control).
- Preservation and context both impact development: Contextual factors like search locations and posture influence tasks.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- ASD is characterized by social skill impairments, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors.
- Impairments: Social cognition, imitation, theory of mind skills.
- Children with ASD show executive function deficits like ADHD children.
- Typical symptoms: Repetitive behaviors, reduced interest in interactions, impaired social skills, ADHD, anxiety, depression.
Imitation and ASD
- Normal development: Imitation develops around 6 months, progresses through childhood.
- ASD: Impaired imitation, especially not imitating actions without visible effects.
- Mirror neurons: Brain cells active during both observing and performing actions; crucial for understanding others and imitation.
- Theory: Mirror neuron dysfunction may cause ASD impairments.
- Eye-tracking studies: Children with ASD show:
- Similar abilities using context and emotional expressions.
- Similar ability to understand and process direct gaze and face cues.
- Specific impairments using ONLY gaze direction to understand intentions.
- Some normal abilities but struggle to understand intention from gaze.
- Direct eye gaze: Is very difficult for children with ASD.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of executive functions, focusing on components such as inhibition, working memory, and shifting. Additionally, it examines the relationship between executive functions and Autism Spectrum Disorder, highlighting their significance in behavioral control and cognitive flexibility. Test your understanding of these critical psychological concepts.
