Exceptionality and Special Education Quiz

Questions and Answers

Federal legislation requires schools to provide education for students with exceptionalities to receive what?

Private donations

State funds

Federal funds (correct)

No funding required

The causes of most exceptionalities are well known.

False

What is an exceptionality?

An inability to do something, a diminished capacity to perform in a specific way.

What is Down syndrome?

A condition resulting from an abnormality of the 21st pair of chromosomes characterized by intellectual disability. Signup and view all the answers

What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A metabolic genetic disorder caused by the inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population has an intellectual disability?

2.3% Signup and view all the answers

More than half of the students served by special education are males.

True Signup and view all the answers

An exceptionality may vary in _____, degree, and effect on educational progress.

cause Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Disability = An inability to do something that most people can do. Handicap = A disadvantage imposed on an individual. Exceptionality = An inability to do something, a diminished capacity to perform in a specific way. High incidence disabilities = Learning disabilities, communication disorders, emotional disturbances, and mild intellectual disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of special education?

To find and capitalize on exceptional students' abilities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Least Restrictive Environment' (LRE) refer to?

The educational setting where exceptional children must be educated in as normal an environment as possible. Signup and view all the answers

There is no variation in the placement of students with exceptionalities from province to province.

False Signup and view all the answers

Describe the continuum of placement options for exceptional learners.

From least specialized/least separate to most specialized/most separate including regular classes, itinerant teachers, and residential schools. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Direct Access Model' in education?

A model where the student is at the center and can access any of the alternative placements that meet their needs. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exceptionality and Special Education

Public schools are mandated to provide free, appropriate education for all students with exceptionalities to receive federal funds.
Causes of most exceptionalities remain unknown, with treatment options more understood than underlying causes.
Individuals with exceptionalities exhibit unique characteristics; they share many abilities with non-exceptional individuals.
An exceptionality refers to a lack of a specific capacity, while a handicap is a disadvantage imposed by circumstances.
Progress is being made in identifying specific causes of exceptionalities.

Types of Exceptionalities

Down Syndrome: Characterized by intellectual disability due to an abnormality of the 21st pair of chromosomes.
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Caused by excessive oxygen at birth, leading to eye damage.
Phenylketonuria (PKU): A genetic disorder that impairs brain development due to an inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
Cystic Fibrosis: An inherited disease affecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems with thick mucus.
Hydrocephalus: Enlargement of the head due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

Definitions and Concepts

Exceptionality describes diminished capacity in performing specific tasks.
Disability is a subset of exceptionality focused on inability relative to typical development.
Disabilities are influenced by environment, society, and individual needs, challenging the view of disability as mere pathology.

Prevalence and Identification

Prevalence of intellectual disability is approximately 2.3%; giftedness ranges from 3-5%.
Identifying exceptionalities is often uncertain due to vague definitions and variances in school policies.
The number of students with learning disabilities has doubled since the 1970s, while speech and language impairments have declined.

Disability Categories

High Incidence Disabilities: Include learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, and communication disorders.
Low-Incidence Categories: Comprise severe disabilities like blindness, deafness, and extreme intellectual disabilities.

Educational Practices

Special education involves tailored instruction addressing the unique needs of exceptional students.
The educational environment must progress from least to most specialized: regular classroom, consultation, resource teachers, self-contained classes, and residential schools.
The goal is to place students in their least restrictive environment (LRE) for optimal learning while maintaining connections to typical environments.

Placement Trends and Challenges

Since the 1980s, there has been a trend toward integrating more students with exceptionalities into regular classrooms.
Segregated placements are increasingly viewed negatively; "dedicated" environments are preferred for specialized education needs.
A "Direct Access Model" allows students to move among various placements to best meet their educational requirements.

Variability in Exceptional Education

Placement of students with exceptionalities varies significantly across different provinces, reflecting ongoing challenges and reforms in special education.

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Test your knowledge on exceptionality and special education with these flashcards. Explore important concepts such as federal legislation regarding education for students with exceptionalities and the causes of various exceptional conditions. Perfect for students and professionals in the field.