Questions and Answers
Federal legislation requires schools to provide education for students with exceptionalities to receive what?
The causes of most exceptionalities are well known.
False
What is an exceptionality?
An inability to do something, a diminished capacity to perform in a specific way.
What is Down syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of the population has an intellectual disability?
Signup and view all the answers
More than half of the students served by special education are males.
Signup and view all the answers
An exceptionality may vary in _____, degree, and effect on educational progress.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the goal of special education?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'Least Restrictive Environment' (LRE) refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
There is no variation in the placement of students with exceptionalities from province to province.
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the continuum of placement options for exceptional learners.
Signup and view all the answers
What is a 'Direct Access Model' in education?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Exceptionality and Special Education
- Public schools are mandated to provide free, appropriate education for all students with exceptionalities to receive federal funds.
- Causes of most exceptionalities remain unknown, with treatment options more understood than underlying causes.
- Individuals with exceptionalities exhibit unique characteristics; they share many abilities with non-exceptional individuals.
- An exceptionality refers to a lack of a specific capacity, while a handicap is a disadvantage imposed by circumstances.
- Progress is being made in identifying specific causes of exceptionalities.
Types of Exceptionalities
- Down Syndrome: Characterized by intellectual disability due to an abnormality of the 21st pair of chromosomes.
- Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Caused by excessive oxygen at birth, leading to eye damage.
- Phenylketonuria (PKU): A genetic disorder that impairs brain development due to an inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
- Cystic Fibrosis: An inherited disease affecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems with thick mucus.
- Hydrocephalus: Enlargement of the head due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
Definitions and Concepts
- Exceptionality describes diminished capacity in performing specific tasks.
- Disability is a subset of exceptionality focused on inability relative to typical development.
- Disabilities are influenced by environment, society, and individual needs, challenging the view of disability as mere pathology.
Prevalence and Identification
- Prevalence of intellectual disability is approximately 2.3%; giftedness ranges from 3-5%.
- Identifying exceptionalities is often uncertain due to vague definitions and variances in school policies.
- The number of students with learning disabilities has doubled since the 1970s, while speech and language impairments have declined.
Disability Categories
- High Incidence Disabilities: Include learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, and communication disorders.
- Low-Incidence Categories: Comprise severe disabilities like blindness, deafness, and extreme intellectual disabilities.
Educational Practices
- Special education involves tailored instruction addressing the unique needs of exceptional students.
- The educational environment must progress from least to most specialized: regular classroom, consultation, resource teachers, self-contained classes, and residential schools.
- The goal is to place students in their least restrictive environment (LRE) for optimal learning while maintaining connections to typical environments.
Placement Trends and Challenges
- Since the 1980s, there has been a trend toward integrating more students with exceptionalities into regular classrooms.
- Segregated placements are increasingly viewed negatively; "dedicated" environments are preferred for specialized education needs.
- A "Direct Access Model" allows students to move among various placements to best meet their educational requirements.
Variability in Exceptional Education
- Placement of students with exceptionalities varies significantly across different provinces, reflecting ongoing challenges and reforms in special education.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on exceptionality and special education with these flashcards. Explore important concepts such as federal legislation regarding education for students with exceptionalities and the causes of various exceptional conditions. Perfect for students and professionals in the field.