Excel Formulas and Functions

Formulas

• Arithmetic Operations: Excel formulas can perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using the corresponding operators (+, -, *, /)
• Functions: Excel has a wide range of built-in functions for tasks like:
  • SUM(range): adds up a range of cells
  • AVERAGE(range): calculates the average of a range of cells
  • COUNT(range): counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers
  • IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]): tests a condition and returns one value if true and another value if false
• Cell References: Excel formulas can reference cells using:
  • Absolute references (e.g., A1): references a specific cell
  • Relative references (e.g., A1:A10): references a range of cells
  • Mixed references (e.g., $A1): references a specific column and relative row
• Error Handling: Excel formulas can handle errors using:
  • IFERROR function: returns a value if an error occurs
  • IFBLANK function: returns a value if a cell is blank

Charts

• Chart Types: Excel offers various chart types, including:
  • Column charts: compares categorical data across different groups
  • Line charts: shows trends over time or categories
  • Pie charts: displays how different categories contribute to a whole
  • Bar charts: compares categorical data across different groups
• Chart Elements: Excel charts consist of:
  • Plot Area: the area where the chart is drawn
  • Axes: the horizontal and vertical lines that provide context to the chart
  • Legend: a key that explains the data series
• Customizing Charts: Excel allows customizing charts by:
  • Changing the chart type
  • Adding or removing data series
  • Modifying axis labels and titles
  • Applying different themes and styles

Macros

• What are Macros?: Macros are sets of automated commands that can be recorded or written in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) to perform repetitive tasks
• Recording Macros: Excel allows recording macros by:
  • Performing a series of actions while the macro recorder is on
  • Stopping the recorder and saving the macro
• VBA Editor: The VBA Editor is a development environment where macros can be written and edited using VBA code
• Macro Security: Excel has built-in security features to prevent malicious macros from running, including:
  • Macro settings in the Trust Center
  • Digital signatures for trusted macro authors

Data Analysis

• Data Analysis Tools: Excel provides various data analysis tools, including:
  • PivotTables: summarizes and analyzes large datasets
  • Power Query: imports, transforms, and loads data from various sources
  • Power Pivot: creates data models and performs advanced data analysis
• Data Visualization: Excel offers various data visualization tools, including:
  • Conditional Formatting: highlights important data trends and patterns
  • Sparklines: creates small, inline charts to visualize data
  • Treemaps: displays hierarchical data as nested rectangles
• Statistical Functions: Excel provides various statistical functions, including:
  • AVERAGE: calculates the average of a dataset
  • STDEV: calculates the standard deviation of a dataset
  • CORREL: calculates the correlation coefficient between two datasets

Formulas

• Excel formulas can perform basic arithmetic operations using +, -, *, / operators
• Built-in functions include SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, and IF
• SUM function adds up a range of cells
• AVERAGE function calculates the average of a range of cells
• COUNT function counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers
• IF function tests a condition and returns one value if true and another value if false

Cell References

• Absolute references (e.g., A1) reference a specific cell
• Relative references (e.g., A1:A10) reference a range of cells
• Mixed references (e.g., $A1) reference a specific column and relative row

Error Handling

• IFERROR function returns a value if an error occurs
• IFBLANK function returns a value if a cell is blank

Charts

Chart Types

• Column charts compare categorical data across different groups
• Line charts show trends over time or categories
• Pie charts display how different categories contribute to a whole
• Bar charts compare categorical data across different groups

Chart Elements

• Plot Area is the area where the chart is drawn
• Axes are the horizontal and vertical lines that provide context to the chart
• Legend is a key that explains the data series

Customizing Charts

• Charts can be customized by changing the chart type
• Data series can be added or removed
• Axis labels and titles can be modified
• Different themes and styles can be applied

Macros

What are Macros?

• Macros are sets of automated commands that can be recorded or written in VBA

Recording Macros

• Macros can be recorded by performing a series of actions while the macro recorder is on

VBA Editor

• VBA Editor is a development environment where macros can be written and edited using VBA code

Macro Security

• Macro settings can be found in the Trust Center
• Digital signatures can be used for trusted macro authors to ensure macro security

Data Analysis

Data Analysis Tools

• PivotTables summarize and analyze large datasets
• Power Query imports, transforms, and loads data from various sources
• Power Pivot creates data models and performs advanced data analysis

Data Visualization

• Conditional Formatting highlights important data trends and patterns
• Sparklines create small, inline charts to visualize data
• Treemaps display hierarchical data as nested rectangles

Statistical Functions

• AVERAGE function calculates the average of a dataset
• STDEV function calculates the standard deviation of a dataset
• CORREL function calculates the correlation coefficient between two datasets