Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an excavation hazard? (Select all that apply)
Most excavation accidents occur at what depth?
5 to 15 feet
What is the greatest risk present at an excavation site?
Cave-ins
What two requirements must be met so that a trench does not need to have a protective system installed?
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Which of the following is a way to protect yourself when working around excavations? (Select all that apply)
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What is a hazard that needs to be addressed when employees are working within an excavation that is more than 4 feet deep?
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What type of excavation protection will address unstable walls of an excavation at risk for a cave-in?
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What type of excavation protection will address cave-in and water accumulation due to excess soil?
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What is the minimum distance that excavation materials must be kept back from the excavation's edge?
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At what depth must a ladder, ramp, steps, or runway be present for quick worker exit?
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In order for a worker to be considered competent, they only need to have specific training in identifying hazards and are authorized to eliminate hazards. Is this true or false?
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Among many responsibilities, a competent person is responsible for evaluating soil conditions and providing safe access. Is this true or false?
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According to OSHA standards, a competent person is defined as someone who can identify hazards and take corrective measures. Is this true or false?
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Whose responsibility is it to protect workers from cave-ins and other excavation-related hazards?
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What type of soil is cohesive but has been cracked or disturbed, or is located near sources of vibration?
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Unless made in entirely stable rock, at what depth is a protective system required for a trench?
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What are the three main protection methods against cave-ins?
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Whose responsibility is it to keep excavated dirt, rocks, and other materials back two feet from the excavation's edge?
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What type of soil is cohesive and has high unconfined compressive strength?
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Your employer can protect you from hazards when an excavation is less than how deep?
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Which of these is known as the greatest danger associated with excavations?
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Whose responsibility is it to correct hazards that can be corrected?
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Whose responsibility is it to inspect the excavation at least daily and throughout the shift?
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Study Notes
Excavation Hazards
- Main excavation hazards include fire, toxic fumes, and asphyxiation.
- Most accidents occur at depths of 5 to 15 feet.
- Cave-ins are the most significant risk in excavation sites.
Trench Safety Requirements
- Protective systems are not required if the trench is made completely of stable rock or is less than 5 feet deep, evaluated by a competent individual.
- When working in excavations over 4 feet deep, hazards like access and egress must be addressed.
Protective Measures
- To protect against cave-ins, slopes, benches, and supports should be used.
- Shoring is essential when excavation walls are unstable.
- Correctly placed spoils help manage risks from water accumulation and cave-ins.
Safety Regulations
- Excavation materials must be kept at least 2 feet from the edge as per safety guidelines.
- A ladder, ramp, steps, or runway must be present for quick exits at depths of 4 feet or greater.
- A competent individual must have broader training and knowledge than just hazard identification.
Competent Person Definition
- A competent person is responsible for evaluating soil conditions, testing for hazardous gases, and ensuring safe access.
- They have the authority to take immediate corrective actions.
Employer and Worker Responsibilities
- Employers are responsible for protecting workers from cave-ins and related hazards.
- Workers must correct hazards that they can address.
- Employers must inspect excavations daily or as needed throughout the shift.
Soil Types
- Type A soil is cohesive with high unconfined compressive strength (e.g., clay, silty clay).
- Type B soil is also cohesive but can be cracked, disturbed, or affected by vibrations (e.g., angular gravel, silt loam).
Protective System Requirements
- A protective system is mandated for trenches at depths of 5 feet or greater unless the excavation is entirely in stable rock.
- Three main protection methods against cave-ins are shields, shoring, and sloping.
Key Facts
- Cave-ins are the primary danger related to excavations; proper protective systems are vital for safety.
- Employers are tasked with maintaining safe working conditions and preventing access issues.
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Description
Test your knowledge on excavation hazards with this OSHA-10 quiz. Learn about the risks associated with excavation sites, including cave-ins and common accident depths. Perfect for those preparing for safety certifications or workers in construction.
