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Questions and Answers
What is one characteristic of excavates?
What is one characteristic of excavates?
- Move via flagella (correct)
- Have a rigid cell wall
- Aerobic
- Photosynthetic
What are the three clades of excavates?
What are the three clades of excavates?
Diplomonads, Parabasalids, Euglenozoans
Diplomonads have multiple nuclei.
Diplomonads have multiple nuclei.
True (A)
What is an example of a Diplomonad and what does it cause?
What is an example of a Diplomonad and what does it cause?
All known species of Parabasalids are aerobic.
All known species of Parabasalids are aerobic.
What is an example of a Parabasalid?
What is an example of a Parabasalid?
Which of the following describes Euglenozoans?
Which of the following describes Euglenozoans?
What are the two major groups that Euglenozoans divide into?
What are the two major groups that Euglenozoans divide into?
All Euglenids are marine.
All Euglenids are marine.
What is a unique feature of Euglenids?
What is a unique feature of Euglenids?
What is a key characteristic of Kinetoplastids?
What is a key characteristic of Kinetoplastids?
What disease does Trypanosoma cause?
What disease does Trypanosoma cause?
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Study Notes
Excavates
- Excavates are defined by a feeding groove and movement via flagella.
- They are heterotrophic and possess modified mitochondria.
- This group is divided into three main clades: Diplomonads, Parabasalids, and Euglenozoans.
Diplomonads
- One of the largest clades in the excavate category.
- Includes both free-living and symbiotic species.
- Characterized by having two nuclei and multiple flagella.
- Example: Giardia, which can cause diarrhea from drinking untreated water.
Parabasalids
- Another significant clade among excavates.
- Anaerobic and all known species are either symbiotic or parasitic.
- Example: Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted parasite that can cause symptoms primarily in males.
Euglenozoans
- A diverse clade characterized by unique mitochondria.
- Utilize flagella for movement.
- Exhibit mixed nutritional strategies, known as mixotrophy.
- Divides into two main groups: Euglenids and Kinetoplastids.
Euglenids
- Predominantly found in freshwater environments.
- Possess 1-3 flagella and can photosynthesize but may switch to heterotrophy in dark conditions.
- Many lack a rigid cell wall and feature a photo receptor called an eyespot.
- Named after the genus Euglena.
Kinetoplastids
- Have a single flagellum and a large mitochondrion known as a kinetoplast.
- Include both free-living and symbiotic species.
- Example: Trypanosoma, which causes sleeping sickness as a parasitic symbiont.
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