Excavates Flashcards

Study Notes

Excavates

Excavates are defined by a feeding groove and movement via flagella.
They are heterotrophic and possess modified mitochondria.
This group is divided into three main clades: Diplomonads, Parabasalids, and Euglenozoans.

Diplomonads

One of the largest clades in the excavate category.
Includes both free-living and symbiotic species.
Characterized by having two nuclei and multiple flagella.
Example: Giardia, which can cause diarrhea from drinking untreated water.

Parabasalids

Another significant clade among excavates.
Anaerobic and all known species are either symbiotic or parasitic.
Example: Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted parasite that can cause symptoms primarily in males.

Euglenozoans

A diverse clade characterized by unique mitochondria.
Utilize flagella for movement.
Exhibit mixed nutritional strategies, known as mixotrophy.
Divides into two main groups: Euglenids and Kinetoplastids.

Euglenids

Predominantly found in freshwater environments.
Possess 1-3 flagella and can photosynthesize but may switch to heterotrophy in dark conditions.
Many lack a rigid cell wall and feature a photo receptor called an eyespot.
Named after the genus Euglena.

Kinetoplastids

Have a single flagellum and a large mitochondrion known as a kinetoplast.
Include both free-living and symbiotic species.
Example: Trypanosoma, which causes sleeping sickness as a parasitic symbiont.

Description

Test your knowledge of excavates with these flashcards! This quiz includes definitions and examples of key terms related to the clades of excavates, including Diplomonads and their characteristics. Perfect for students studying biology or microbiology.