Examining and Breeding Soundness in Female Animals
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Questions and Answers

Which imaging technique is useful for detecting uterine enlargement and pregnancy after mineralization?

  • Radiography (correct)
  • Cytology
  • Ultrasonography
  • Microbiology

    • Which imaging technique is good for detecting pregnancy, especially in the early stages?

  • Ultrasonography (correct)
  • Radiography
  • Cytology
  • Microbiology

    • Which technique is useful for screening and selecting appropriate therapeutics for uterine infections?

  • Cytology
  • Radiography
  • Ultrasonography
  • Microbiology (correct)

    • Which technique is used to detect indicators of inflammation and specific organisms in the uterus?

    <p>Cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of uterine endoscopy?

    <p>To detect uterine pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of uterine biopsies?

    <p>To detect normality or infiltrative disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of radiography of the uterus?

    <p>To detect uterine enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected using ultrasonography of the uterus?

    <p>Uterine contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected using uterine swabs for microbiology?

    <p>Uterine infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected using uterine swabs for cytology?

    <p>Uterine pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to know if the animal has previously been pregnant?

    <p>To collect material by breaching the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information can be obtained from establishing previous and current cyclicity in female animals?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before conducting any examination, what infectious disease risk should be considered?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a zoonotic disease that can cause abortion or stillbirth in cows?

    <p>Leptospirosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of relevant pre-mating vaccination?

    <p>To enhance reproductive performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when examining a female animal for breeding soundness?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential implication of climate, nutrition, stress, or teratogens on reproductive disease?

    <p>Increased fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to determine if the animal could currently be pregnant before conducting certain examinations?

    <p>To avoid breaching the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of management of parturition in female animals?

    <p>To ensure a successful pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteriological screenings is NOT mentioned as required for mares?

    <p>Salmonella screening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following virological screenings is mentioned as required for queens?

    <p>FeLV screening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic test is mentioned as required for cats?

    <p>Polycystic kidney disease test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the reproductive examination involves evaluating the normal or abnormal alignment of the vulval lips?

    <p>Examination of the vulva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the reproductive examination involves determining the stage of the oestrous cycle?

    <p>Examination of the mammary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the reproductive examination involves evaluating the normal or abnormal alignment of the vulva with respect to the anus in mares?

    <p>Examination of the perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the reproductive examination involves evaluating the presence of normal or abnormal discharge?

    <p>Examination of the vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the reproductive examination involves evaluating the location of the clitoris?

    <p>Examination of the vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the reproductive examination involves evaluating the shape, size, position, and tone of the uterus?

    <p>Examination of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible reasons for undertaking examinations in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Document normality, estimation of breeding time, confirm pregnancy, detect abnormality, management of parturition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be obtained through history taking?

    <p>Relevant and specific information about the species, age, presentation of the clinical problem, climate, nutrition, stress, teratogens, previous pregnancies, and current pregnancy status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to establish previous and current cyclicity in female animals?

    <p>To determine if the animal has reached puberty, assess the normality of inter-oestrus intervals, and identify any abnormalities in the cyclicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What infectious disease risk should be considered before conducting any examination?

    <p>Zoonotic diseases, transmission of venereal or other pathogens during clinical examination, and the possibility of reporting notifiable conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of determining if the animal could currently be pregnant before conducting certain examinations?

    <p>It is important to avoid breaching the cervix and potentially harming a developing fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the uses of radiography of the uterus?

    <p>Radiography of the uterus is useful for detecting uterine enlargement, pregnancy after mineralization, counting fetal number, and confirming fetal death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected using ultrasound of the uterus?

    <p>Ultrasound of the uterus can detect the shape, size, contents, stage of the cycle, diagnosis of pregnancy (especially early), and uterine pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected using uterine swabs for microbiology?

    <p>Uterine swabs for microbiology can detect commensal, opportunistic, and pathogenic organisms, which may vary in relation to the stage of the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected using uterine swabs for cytology?

    <p>Uterine swabs for cytology can detect indicators of inflammation, such as neutrophils, and specific organisms with suitable stains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of uterine biopsies?

    <p>Uterine biopsies are performed to detect normality or infiltrative disease, and they are useful for documenting pathology and assessing prognosis for fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some appropriate plans for vaccination in egg laying birds?

    <p>Clostridial vaccination to pregnant ewes and pigs to prevent disease in neonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should Canine herpes virus vaccination be administered in dogs?

    <p>After mating (when required) to prevent abortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is any bacteriological screening required in mares?

    <p>Yes, CEMO, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas screening is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is any virological screening required in queens?

    <p>Yes, FeLV screening is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are there any genetic tests required for cats and dogs?

    <p>Yes, cats require testing for polycystic kidney disease, and dogs require testing for many eye diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Imaging Techniques

    • Radiography is useful for detecting uterine enlargement and pregnancy after mineralization.
    • Ultrasound is good for detecting pregnancy, especially in the early stages.

    Detecting Infections and Inflammation

    • Uterine swabs for microbiology are useful for detecting indicators of inflammation and specific organisms in the uterus.
    • Uterine swabs for cytology are used to detect cellular changes indicating infection or inflammation.

    Examination Purposes

    • Uterine endoscopy is used to visualize the uterus and detect abnormalities.
    • Uterine biopsies are used to diagnose uterine infections and cancers.
    • Radiography of the uterus is used to detect uterine abnormalities and pregnancy.

    Pregnancy and Cyclicity

    • It is important to know if the animal has previously been pregnant to understand its reproductive history.
    • Establishing previous and current cyclicity in female animals provides information on reproductive health and fertility.
    • Determining if the animal could currently be pregnant is essential before conducting certain examinations.

    Infection Control

    • Before conducting any examination, the risk of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, should be considered.
    • Relevant pre-mating vaccination is important to prevent disease transmission.

    Breeding Soundness

    • When examining a female animal for breeding soundness, consider the animal's reproductive history, nutrition, and management.

    Reproductive Examination

    • The examination involves evaluating the normal or abnormal alignment of the vulval lips, vulva with respect to the anus, and clitoris.
    • The examination also involves determining the stage of the oestrous cycle and evaluating the presence of normal or abnormal discharge.
    • The shape, size, position, and tone of the uterus are also evaluated.

    Management and Vaccination

    • Management of parturition is crucial in female animals to prevent reproductive diseases.
    • Bacteriological screenings are required for mares, and virological screenings are required for queens.
    • Genetic testing is required for cats, and vaccination plans should be tailored to species-specific needs.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on examination and breeding soundness in female animals with this informative quiz. Learn about the reasons for undertaking these examinations, including documenting normality, estimating breeding time, confirming pregnancy, detecting abnormalities, and managing parturition. Expand your understanding of this important aspect of animal reproductive health.

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