Exam Two: Holocaust
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Questions and Answers

What factor was NOT mentioned as a potential influence on actions during the Holocaust?

  • Racist hatred
  • Peer pressure
  • Religious conversion (correct)
  • Career ambition

    • The initial Nazi policy towards Jews was to exterminate them immediately.

    False

    Name one key factor that contributed to the remarkable success of the Germans in the early years of World War II.

    Military strategy or Blitzkrieg tactics.

    Many historians believe that sites like Auschwitz were designed for the complete __________ of Jews.

    <p>extermination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the individuals to their influence on Hitler's ideas about Jews:

    <p>Houston Stewart Chamberlain = Advocated ideas of racial superiority Lanz von Liebenfels = Proponent of anti-Semitic theories Richard Wagner = Promoted anti-Jewish sentiments in art The Protocols of the Elders of Zion = Fabricated document alleging Jewish conspiracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a consequence of German military successes during WWII?

    <p>Expansion of German racial and political plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nazi policy towards Jews gradually evolved to include mass murder.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 'Holocaust by bullets'?

    <p>A series of mass shootings of Jews conducted by the SS Einsatzgruppen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nazis received a majority of the vote in a German national election before 1933.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most scholars believe that the Protocols of the Elders of Zion were a legitimate document produced by the Nazis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one goal of the National Socialist policy toward the family?

    <p>Reduce the fertility rate of German women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did most Germans believe National Socialism represented compared to the Weimar Republic?

    <p>An improvement in their material conditions of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Protocols of the Elders of Zion were likely produced by the ________ secret police.

    <p>Russian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic view of Jews, according to Nazi ideology?

    <p>They were viewed as a threat to Germans and the state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements of Nazi policy with their implications:

    <p>Reduction of fertility rates = Address overcrowding Control of Jewish life = Segregation and discrimination Appeal to German voters = Promise of improvement in material conditions Nazi propaganda = Manipulation of public perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sentiments were prevalent among non-Jewish Germans regarding the Nazi regime?

    <p>Hopes for improved living conditions and approval of the regime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Horwitz-Wasserman Holocaust Memorial Plaza established?

    <p>1964</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum was established before the Horwitz-Wasserman Holocaust Memorial Plaza.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was appointed as the chairman of the President's Commission on the Holocaust?

    <p>Elie Wiesel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ memorial to the Six Million Jews of Europe had a granite plaque as its cornerstone.

    <p>American</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the memorial or museum with its notable feature:

    <p>Horwitz-Wasserman Holocaust Memorial Plaza = Monument to the Six Million Martyrs American Memorial to Six Million Jews of Europe = Granite plaque cornerstone United States Holocaust Memorial Museum = Exhibits on Nazi rise and survivor testimony Daniel's story = Exhibit for young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable addition was made to the Horwitz-Wasserman Holocaust Memorial Plaza in 2018?

    <p>A remembrance wall with an eternal flame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the intention behind 'Daniel's story' exhibit?

    <p>To explain the Holocaust to young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There were no accepted proposals for the American Memorial to Six Million Jews of Europe before the granite plaque was used as the memorial.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of literature primarily uses firsthand accounts such as diaries or letters?

    <p>Primary Literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Historical fiction avoids using historical settings and facts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one podcast that provides a unique perspective on Holocaust history.

    <p>Those Who Were There: Voices from the Holocaust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The analysis of primary sources in secondary literature helps to understand the ______ behind actions taken during the Holocaust.

    <p>why</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of literature or media with their main characteristics:

    <p>Primary Literature = Includes original diaries or letters Secondary Literature = Provides context and analysis of primary sources Podcasts = Accessible way to engage with survivor testimonies Movies = Educates audiences about historical events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which film portrays Oskar Schindler's efforts to save Jews during the Holocaust?

    <p>Schindler's List</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Podcasts primarily focus on entertainment rather than historical accuracy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'modern literature' refer to in the context of the Holocaust?

    <p>The Age of Atrocity: Death in Modern Literature by Lawrence Langer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the trials held in Dachau?

    <p>Prosecution of Nazi war criminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bergen-Belsen trials were held by American military courts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was noted for being the 'Beast of Belsen'?

    <p>Joseph Kramer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first trials held at Dachau involved _____ people tried and _____ convicted.

    <p>1,672, 1,416</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following camps to their notable features:

    <p>Dachau = Introduction of witness testimonies and evidence Belsen = Covered by British military courts Frankfurt = Prosecution of Nazi officials Tokyo = Trials for war crimes in Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence was notably used in the trials at Belsen?

    <p>Survivor testimonies and photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Frankfurt trials primarily involved the prosecution of surviving POWs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the infamous officers charged during the Belsen trials.

    <p>Irma Grese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the focus of the West Germany trials from 1963-1965?

    <p>They emphasized accountability among mid-level S.S. officers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medical experiments conducted by the Nazis received consent from all participants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known as the 'Angel of Death' during the Holocaust for conducting horrific experiments?

    <p>Josef Mengele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nazi ideology emphasized ________, which involved the concept of racial superiority and eugenics.

    <p>racial purity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of experiments to their descriptions.

    <p>Twin Experiments = Conducted to study genetic differences and characteristics Physiological Experiments = Focused on human responses to extreme conditions Pharmaceutical Testing = Involved testing the effects of various injections Eugenics = The misguided science to improve the human population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant turning point in German public consciousness during the trials?

    <p>Recognition of the atrocities committed during the Holocaust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The West Germany trials of 1963-1965 mainly concentrated on high-ranking military officials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the goals of the physiological experiments conducted by the Nazis?

    <p>Support of pseudoscientific racial theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam Two: Holocaust

    • Nazi Ghettoization Program: Began in 1939, ordered by Odilo Globocnik (option a)
    • Pre-War Nazi Plans: Hitler and German military planners had plans for war in September 1939; other European states tried to appease Germany; Germany had a large concentration camp system.
    • Head of the RKFDV and SS: Hermann Göring
    • Least Important Factor in Allied Appeasement: Quarrels and divisions among the former Allies.
    • Blitzkrieg Characteristics: Rapid breakthroughs with coordinated armored and air attacks.
    • Mordechai Anielewicz's Role: Head of the Jewish Combat Organization in the Warsaw Ghetto.
    • Zyklon-B Use: Originally developed as a pesticide, used to execute criminals.
    • Nazi Propaganda: Offered Germans a diversion from daily life, including escapist movies and radio programming.
    • Evian Conference (1938): Resulted in an indecisive response to Jewish persecution in Germany and other countries.
    • General Government Purpose: Created as a buffer zone between Nazi territory and the USSR.
    • Nazi Resistance: The Warsaw Ghetto rebellion was the largest effort.
    • SS Profit from Auschwitz: Profit from renting out slave labor and collection of precious metals from dental work was the most lucrative.

    Holocaust

    • Holocaust Representation: Represented through art forms (paintings, memorials, books, movies, etc.)
    • Horwitz-Wasserman Holocaust Memorial Plaza: Established in 1964 by Holocaust survivors and community leaders; "Monument to the Six Million Martyrs" with burning bodies; expanded to include a remembrance wall.
    • American Memorial to Six Million Jews of Europe: Cornerstone in 1947; plaque remained the only memorial for decades.
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Multiple initiatives and memorials.
    • Nazi Views on Jews: Jews were considered a threat to Germans and the German state, with particular characteristics focused on.
    • Jewish Life in Germany (post-capture): Altered significantly; Jews responded to changing conditions in various ways.
    • German Attitudes: Germans had various expectations and attitudes regarding the rise to power; positive during early years, changing during the war.

    Trials

    • Dachau, Belson, Mauthausen, Riga, Tokyo, Nuremberg, Frankfurt Auschwitz: Specific locations/trials focusing on investigations of crimes; Nazi officials; and prosecution of Nazi war criminals.
    • Dachau (1945-1948): Introduced witness testimonies and evidence about the Nazi hierarchy, crimes against POWs, and prosecution of Nazi war criminals.
    • Belsen (1945): British Military courts, focused on the persecution of Nazis in Bergen-Belsen and Auschwitz and involved prominent figures like Josef Kramer
    • Mauthausen (1946-1947): Focused on accountability of administrative personnel. The U.S. military conducted trials, revealing the crimes and enslavement.
    • Tokyo: The International Military Tribunal for the Far East. 28 Japanese leaders tried; involved Judges and prosecutors from 11 different countries; Emperor Hirohito was not prosecuted.
    • Riga: Prosecuted Nazi collaborators responsible for war crimes; witness testimony was collected.

    Nazi Medical Experiments

    • Time Period: Between 1932 and 1945.
    • Goals: Supporting pseudoscientific racist theories. Assessing human response, and finding cures.
    • Types and context: Twin experiments, and various medical treatments/procedures in camps. Focus on the idea that Nazism included ideological motivations driving its unethical behaviors.

    Ethical Violations

    • Nuremberg Code: A set of ethical principles that governs human research.
    • Lasting Impact: Includes the Hippocratic Oath violation; modern genetics; relevance to modern practices.

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    Jewish Holocaust Study Guides PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Holocaust, focusing on key events and figures such as Nazi ghettoization, the role of Hermann Göring, and the use of Zyklon-B. This quiz covers significant aspects of the Nazi regime and its impact on the Jewish community during World War II.

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