Exam Review: Psychology Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is structuralism in psychology?

Understanding conscious experience through introspection.

What does psychoanalysis focus on?

The role of a person's unconscious and early childhood experiences.

What does behaviorism focus on?

Observable behavior and ways to bring that behavior under control.

What is humanistic psychology?

A framework that proposes a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does developmental psychology study?

The physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation. Signup and view all the answers

What does cognitive psychology study?

Internal mental processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is social psychology concerned with?

How individuals interact and relate with others and how such interactions can affect behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of clinical psychology?

Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic patterns of behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does personality psychology study?

Behaviors and thought patterns that are unique to each individual. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Five Factor Model?

A model that examines five key dimensions of personality traits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Changes in one variable do not necessarily cause changes in another variable. Signup and view all the answers

What does biological psychology explore?

Biological mechanisms that underlie behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of neurotransmitters?

Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites?

They receive messages and conduct them toward the cell body. Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebellum do?

Helps coordinate and regulate a wide range of functions and processes in the brain and body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the limbic system involved in?

Mediating emotional response and memory. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the amygdala play?

Involved in our experience of emotion, including processing fear. Signup and view all the answers

What functions does the frontal lobe serve?

Planning, organization, judgment, attention, reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language. Signup and view all the answers

What does the parietal lobe process?

Sensory and perceptual information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the temporal lobe?

Associated with hearing, memory, and emotional response. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology

Structuralism: Founded by Wilhelm Wundt; analyzes conscious experience through introspection.
Introspection: Method of self-examination to dissect conscious experience into components.
Psychoanalysis: Focuses on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences influencing behavior.
Behaviorism: Studies observable behavior; emphasizes control and modification of actions.
Humanistic Psychology: Proposes a hierarchy of needs that motivates human behavior.
Developmental Psychology: Examines physical and mental growth throughout different life stages.
Cognitive Psychology: Investigates internal mental processes including perception, memory, and problem-solving.
Social Psychology: Explores interpersonal interactions, including topics like prejudice and obedience.
Clinical Psychology: Concentrates on diagnosing and treating mental disorders and behavioral issues.
Personality Psychology: Analyzes individual differences in behavior and thought, including the Five Factor Model, which assesses personality traits.
Scientific Hypotheses: Theories must be falsifiable and can be articulated in "if-then" statements.
Correlation vs. Causation: Correlation identifies relationships between variables, while causation establishes direct impact requiring experimental design to verify.

Chapter 3: Biopsychology

Biopsychology: Investigates biological foundations of behavior, including genetics and nervous system functions.
Neurons: The fundamental building blocks of the nervous system.
Dendrites: Extensions of neurons that receive messages and send them to the cell body.
Axon: Transmits signals from the neuron to other neurons or cells.
Synapse: Connection point between neurons for communication.
Neurotransmitters: Chemicals aiding in neuronal communication; types include:
- Excitatory Neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate): Enhance neuronal firing.
- Inhibitory Neurotransmitters (e.g., GABA): Suppress neuronal firing.
Agonist vs. Antagonist: Agonists mimic neurotransmitters; antagonists block their effects.
Endocrine System: Hormonal system interacting with the nervous system to regulate bodily functions.

Nervous System Components

Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Divided into autonomic and somatic nervous systems.
- Autonomic Nervous System: Controls involuntary body functions; further divided into sympathetic (arousing) and parasympathetic (calming).
- Somatic Nervous System: Manages voluntary muscle movements and sensory information.

Brain Structures and Functions

Cerebellum: Regulates coordination and balance; contains the majority of the body’s neurons.
Limbic System: Facilitates emotional responses and memory formation; includes the amygdala, which processes fear and emotions.
Cortex: Surface area associated with advanced mental functions such as reasoning, memory, and language.
- Frontal Lobe: Governs executive functions including planning, judgment, motor control, and emotional regulation; contains important areas like the motor cortex and Broca's area.
- Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory information; includes the primary somatosensory cortex for touch, temperature, and pain.
- Temporal Lobe: Involves memory, hearing, and emotional responses.

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Description

Prepare for Exam 1 with this review of Chapter 1 in Psychology. Explore key concepts like structuralism, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. Understand the foundational theories that shape our understanding of conscious experience.