Exam Review: Health and Wellness

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Questions and Answers

Match the types of stroke with their descriptions:

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) = Brief interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing temporary symptoms. Hemorrhagic stroke = Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds. Ischemic stroke = Caused by a blockage (clot) in a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain. Pulmonary embolism = A blood clot that occurs in the lungs.

Match the organs with the hormones they produce that are involved in glucose regulation:

Pancreas = Insulin and glucagon, regulates blood glucose levels. Adrenal glands = Cortisol, increases blood glucose levels. Liver = Does not produce glucose-regulating hormones but effects gluconeogenesis. Thyroid = Does not regulate glucose.

Match the following body measurement methods with their significance in assessing health risks:

BMI (Body Mass Index) = A measure of body fat based on height and weight. Waist circumference = Indicator of abdominal fat, associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders. Waist-hip ratio = Distribution of fat in the body, indicating risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Hydrostatic Weighing = Determines body composition by submerging a person in water, measuring body density.

Match the types of hypertension with their descriptions:

Modifiable hypertension = High blood pressure that results from lifestyle choices. Non-modifiable hypertension = High blood pressure due to age, genetics, or ethnicity. Primary hypertension = High blood pressure that develops over time with no obvious cause. Secondary hypertension = High blood pressure caused by an underlying health condition or medication. Signup and view all the answers

Match each of the following planetary health topics with their descriptions:

Air pollution = Harmful chemicals or particles introduced into the atmosphere. Deforestation = The clearing of forests on a massive scale, resulting in damage to the quality of land. Water scarcity = The lack of fresh water resources to meet the demand. Climate change = Significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns. Signup and view all the answers

Match methods of transmission for infectious diseases with examples:

Direct contact = Touching an infected person. Airborne transmission = Inhaling droplets produced from a cough or sneeze. Vector-borne transmission = Transmission through insects like mosquitoes. Vehicle-borne transmission = Transmission through contaminated food or water. Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes = Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes = Insulin resistance and progressive loss of insulin secretion. Gestational diabetes = Hyperglycemia first recognized during pregnancy. Prediabetes = Elevated blood sugar levels that are not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Signup and view all the answers

Associate lifestyle factors with their impact on cardiovascular health:

Physical inactivity = Increases risk of obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Smoking = Damages blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots. Unhealthy diet = Contributes to high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and weight gain. Excessive alcohol consumption = Can lead to high blood pressure, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Signup and view all the answers

Match different stages of life with relevant aging theories:

Cellular Senescence = Cells stop dividing, leading to tissue damage and aging. Free Radical Theory = Accumulation of oxidative damage to cells over time causes aging. Telomere Shortening = Telomeres shorten with each cell division, eventually triggering cell death. Mitochondrial Dysfunction = Declining mitochondrial function leads to energy deficits and aging. Signup and view all the answers

Match CVD risk factors unique to women with their descriptions:

Preeclampsia = High blood pressure during pregnancy increases long-term CVD risk. Gestational diabetes = Raises the risk of developing diabetes and CVD later in life. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) = Hormonal imbalances lead to increased CVD risk factors. Early menopause = Loss of estrogen increases the risk of heart disease. Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions with each of the social determinants of health.

Economic Stability = Related to employment, income, expenses, debt, and social support. Education Access and Quality = Includes childhood education, literacy, language, and vocational training. Healthcare Access and Quality = Includes having health coverage, accessing a primary care physician, and the quality of care. Neighborhood and Built Environment = Includes housing, transportation, safety, parks, playgrounds, and access to healthy foods. Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions with each of the principles related to obesity and weight management.

Energy Balance = The relationship between energy intake from food and energy expenditure through physical activity. Set Point Theory = The idea that the body has a genetically determined weight range that it defends. Behavioral Modification = Utilizing education, training, and reinforcement to modify eating and exercise habits. Comprehensive Assessment = Includes dietary habits, physical activity levels, comorbidities, psychological profile, and social support. Signup and view all the answers

Match the role of physical activity with the following specific weight reduction strategies.

Increases Energy Expenditure = Physical activity burns calories. Preserves Lean Muscle Mass = Sustaining the proportion of muscle relative to fat that can often decline with weight loss. Improves Metabolic Health = Regulates blood sugar and lipid profiles. Enhances Psychological Well-being = Provides stress release and improves mood. Signup and view all the answers

Match the principles related to obesity and weight management with the topics.

Dietary Changes = Involve reducing caloric intake, decreasing fat consumption, and increasing fiber intake. Regular Exercise = Promotes calorie expenditure. Behavioral Modification = Establishing realistic goals. Pharmacotherapy (if needed) = Prescription medications can be used to suppress appetite or reduce fat absorption. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following topics with aging theories.

Oxidative Stress = Generated from metabolizing oxygen and producing free radicals. DNA Damage = Can result from mutagens and errors in replication. Inflammation = Immune responses to cellular decline can cause damage. Decreased Hormone Production = Hormones help to regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

Match the unique gender differences with the topic.

Hormonal Fluctuations = Hormonal changes during menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and menopause. Stress Responses = Responses to distress. Body Composition = Women tend to have a higher body fat percentage. Cardiovascular Risk = Differences in heart disease risk. Signup and view all the answers

Match the different components of transmission with the component.

Infectious Agent = Microorganism that can cause infection. Reservoir = Natural home or environment of the infectious agent. Portal of Exit = How the infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Mode of Transmission = How the infectious agent is carried from one place to another. Signup and view all the answers

Match the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes with the topics.

Type 1 Diabetes = Autoimmune disorder. Type 2 Diabetes = Insulin resistance. Gestational Diabetes = Diabetes during pregnancy. Prediabetes = High glucose but not diabetic at this time. Signup and view all the answers

Match each of the following situations with energy expenditure.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) = Energy expended to sustain basic physiological functions. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) = The rise in body temperature after consuming food. Physical Activity = Movement that causes your skeletal muscles to use more energy than when resting. Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) = Energy expenditure from all physical activity that isn't exercise, such as fidgeting. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following topics.

Nutrition = The process of obtaining nourishment from food. Healthy Eating = A diet that promotes or sustains general health. Obesity = The abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Weight Management = Adopting lifestyle strategies. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social determinants of health

Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, access to healthcare, and social support networks that influence health outcomes.

Nutrition vs. Healthy

Differences in food intake, nutrient needs, and dietary guidelines between maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Obesity & Weight Management

Principles and definitions are regarding the state of being well above a healthy weight & techniques for managing this.