Exam 3 Study Guide - Org & Management Leadership
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Questions and Answers

Which type of communication sends messages from higher organizational levels to lower levels?

  • Upward communication
  • Downward communication (correct)
  • Diagonal communication
  • Lateral communication

    • Informal networks in organizations are established and approved by the organizational hierarchy.

    False

    What are the two main types of diversity mentioned in the content?

    Surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity.

    Effective communication across different cultures helps to build __________ in organizations.

    <p>trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key barrier to cross-cultural communication?

    <p>Ethnocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of diversity with their descriptions:

    <p>Surface-level diversity = Observable characteristics such as age and race Deep-level diversity = Differences in values, beliefs, and perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diversity and inclusion are considered the same concept in workplaces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way to overcome barriers in cross-cultural communication.

    <p>Learning key phrases from other cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of team development involves resolving conflicts and settling into roles?

    <p>Norming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The storming stage of team development is characterized by harmony and cooperation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one characteristic of effective teams.

    <p>Good communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the adjourning stage, individuals either leave the team or have no reason to be in further contact with their __________.

    <p>teammates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a task role in a team?

    <p>A role that involves completing specific tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does surface-level diversity primarily include?

    <p>Obvious differences such as age, race, and gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the team development stages with their descriptions:

    <p>Forming = Team members meet each other for the first time Storming = Conflicts arise due to differing opinions Norming = Team members settle into their roles Performing = The team works at its optimal level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep-level diversity includes traits such as attitudes, values, and personality traits.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can managers build effective teams?

    <p>By setting clear goals and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way managers can promote diversity and inclusivity in the workplace.

    <p>Implementing college recruitment programs targeted at women and minorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Good conflict can lead to new ideas and increased creativity within a team.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bridging the gap between different cultures requires avoiding __________.

    <p>generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the elements of organizational structure with their descriptions:

    <p>Work specialization = Dividing tasks among individuals Chain of command = The hierarchy in an organization Span of control = Number of subordinates a manager supervises Centralization = Decision-making concentrated at the top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of having a successful organizational structure?

    <p>Reduction of tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural awareness is not necessary for managers to build relationships with foreign professionals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an organizational chart used for?

    <p>To communicate how a company is organized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of work specialization?

    <p>To divide jobs into specific tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decentralization allows all employees to make decisions and recommend changes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by a 'chain of command' in an organization?

    <p>It is the flow of authority and power from the highest to the lowest levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ structure groups employees according to the tasks they perform for the organization.

    <p>functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organizational structure is often centralized and typically used in small businesses?

    <p>Simple structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Formalization involves setting procedures, rules, and responsibilities for employees.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does span of control refer to?

    <p>The number of direct reports for whom managers are directly responsible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of organizational structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Simple Structure = Common in small businesses with centralized decision-making Functional Structure = Groups employees based on specific tasks Divisional Structure = Organizes employees by products, regions, or customers Vertical Structure = Hierarchy-based structure with clear levels of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mentally rehearsing successful performance before a task?

    <p>To increase feelings of confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Team Synergy occurs when team members act independently rather than together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one behavioral aspect of team self-leadership.

    <p>Team Self-Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Team __________ refers to the beliefs and assumptions held by team members.

    <p>Beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following opportunity thinkers with their contributions:

    <p>Klaus Obermeyer = Opportunity thinking Tim Tebow = Public speaking Helen Thayer = Exploration Gift Ngoepe = MLB achievements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive distortion involves interpreting negative experiences as a pattern of endless failures?

    <p>Overgeneralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fortune-telling is an accurate way to predict future outcomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in successful mental practice?

    <p>Close your eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cognitive distortion that involves labeling oneself negatively is called __________.

    <p>labeling and mislabeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'mental filtering'?

    <p>Focusing solely on one negative aspect and disregarding positive aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cognitive distortion with its definition:

    <p>Emotional reasoning = Believing that negative emotions reflect reality Disqualification of the positive = Discounting positive experiences as unimportant Personalization = Blaming oneself for events outside one's control Magnifying and minimizing = Exaggerating negative factors while downplaying positives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of positive self-talk in mental practice?

    <p>Positive self-talk helps build confidence and reinforces the ability to perform well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using 'should' statements in self-talk can boost motivation and effectiveness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam 3 Study Guide - Organization and Management Leadership (Arizona State University)

    • Chapter 9: Change Management
      • Change management: Achieving goals by altering behaviors/processes in response to environmental forces. People experience a range of emotions (DADA syndrome) during change.
      • Kurt Lewin's three stages of change: Unfreezing, changing, refreezing.
      • Force field analysis: Useful decision-making tool to assess reasons for and against change.
      • Forces driving change: External forces (competitor actions, customer preferences, technological advancements, social/political pressures, generational changes) and Internal forces (management changes, organizational restructuring, positive disruptors).
      • Strategies to reduce resistance to change: Education and communication, participation, negotiation, manipulation, coercion.
    • Chapter 9: Creativity and Innovation
      • Creativity: Generation of meaningful ideas by individuals or teams.
      • Practiced Creativity: applying creative skills in the workplace.
      • Types of support for creativity: Organizational, supervisory, work group support.
      • Innovation: Development and implementation of ideas.
      • Innovation process: Idea generation, problem solving, implementation & diffusion.
      • Types of innovation: Product, process, organizational structure, people, exploitative, exploratory innovation.
    • Chapter 12: Teams
      • Teams: Purposeful groups formed to accomplish tasks/goals.
      • Types of teams: Working, cross-functional, virtual, self-managed, problem-solving teams.
      • Team roles: Task roles and socioemotional roles.
      • Impact of roles on team success: Clear structure, specific measurable tasks, maintaining relationships.
      • Five stages of team development: Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.
      • Building effective teams: Clear purpose, good communication, healthy conflict, effective decision-making, accountability, strong relationships, commitment, shared leadership.
      • Handling conflict: Positive conflict sparks ideas, generates creativity; managers can facilitate healthy conflict by encouraging feedback, creating clear norms, unifying, and fostering collaboration.
    • Chapter 16: Communication
      • Basic communication model: Sender, receiver, message, noise (anything that hampers communication).
      • Types of communication channels: Oral, written, electronic, nonverbal.
      • Barriers to communication: Filtering, emotions, information overload, differing perceptions.
      • Organizational communication networks: Downward, upward, lateral
      • Cross-cultural communication: Ethnocentrism, language barriers (slang, euphemisms, proverbs); overcoming these barriers involves learning about cultures
    • Chapter 4: Diversity and Inclusion
      • Importance of diversity and inclusion in workplace.
      • Types of diversity: Surface-level (age, race, gender) and deep-level (attitudes, values).
      • How managers promote diversity/inclusion:
        • Recruitment programs targeted at minorities
        • Mentoring for different groups
        • Diversity task forces.
    • Chapter 10: Organizational Structure
      • Organizational structure: System coordinating people, tasks, and activities for a particular purpose; it improves communication, establishes responsibilities, and facilitates growth.
      • Elements of organizational structure: Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, authority, responsibility, delegation, centralization/decentralization, formalization.
      • Traditional organizational structures: Simple, functional, divisional(multidivisional), vertical, horizontal.
      • Contemporary organizational structures: Matrix, holacratic, boundaryless, virtual.
      • Factors influencing structure choices: Environment, strategy, technology, finances, size.
      • Mechanistic (centralized) structure versus organic (decentralized) structure.

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    Exam 3 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This study guide covers key concepts in Organization and Management Leadership, focusing on Change Management and Creativity. Explore Kurt Lewin's stages of change, forces driving change, and strategies to manage resistance. Additionally, delve into the importance of creativity and innovation in organizational success.

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