Exam 1 Review: HEENT Basics
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Questions and Answers

What indicates increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with eye issues?

  • Failure of both eyes to close (correct)
  • Inability to focus on light sources
  • Swelling of the eyelids
  • Excessive tearing

    • What is the first step in the fluorescein stain technique?

  • Inspect the cornea and sclera (correct)
  • Inspect the upper lid using UV light
  • Moisten the stain strip with saline
  • Administer ocular anesthetic

    • During eyelid eversion, which item is used to evert the upper lid?

  • Cotton swab (correct)
  • Ocular anesthetic
  • Tissue paper
  • Sterile gauze

    • In the corneal light reflex test, what should happen to the light reflections in both pupils?

    <p>They should appear equally bright (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following procedures requires the patient to be unconscious?

    <p>Eyelid eversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct direction to pull the ear for examining a child under three years old?

    <p>Outward and downward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cover-uncover test, what does it indicate if the covered eye moves to focus after its cover is removed?

    <p>The covered eye is the weaker eye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the inner ear is primarily responsible for hearing?

    <p>Cochlear organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym SOAP stand for in health documentation?

    <p>Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of xerosis in the elderly?

    <p>Impaired keratinocyte formation and abnormal epidermal cell turnover (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes stasis dermatitis?

    <p>An eruption of the lower leg related to underlying vascular issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the OLD CARTS acronym?

    <p>Laceration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the chronic changes associated with stasis dermatitis?

    <p>Hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and scars of healed ulcers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the HPI, what aspect does the 'P' in PQRST represent?

    <p>Precipitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is subjective data primarily obtained in a health assessment?

    <p>From patient self-reports (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is often misdiagnosed in the elderly population?

    <p>Rosacea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark sign of rosacea in the geriatric population?

    <p>Bulky tissue and dilated telangiectatic vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly overlooked during an ocular examination in the elderly?

    <p>Ocular rosacea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a visual acuity test result of 20/30-1 imply?

    <p>The patient can read at 20 feet what a normal eye can read at 30 feet, with one error. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for transmitting visual images to the brain?

    <p>Cranial nerve III (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical term for the inward turning of the eyelid margin towards the eye surface?

    <p>Endotropion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diplopia is primarily associated with issues in Cranial nerve VI?

    <p>Horizontal diplopia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the white or gray ring seen in arcus senilis in older adults?

    <p>Fat deposits in the cornea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended mnemonic for eye history assessment includes which of the following questions?

    <p>Redness, Sensitivity to light, Vision loss, Pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an opaque tympanic membrane most likely indicate?

    <p>Chronic otitis without perforation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Weber test, if the sound is heard louder in one ear, what does this suggest?

    <p>Conductive hearing loss in the opposite ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could air bubbles behind the tympanic membrane indicate?

    <p>Serous otitis or acute otitis media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves are associated with otalgia?

    <p>V, VII, IX, and X (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positive result in the Rinne test indicative of?

    <p>Normal air conduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is suggested by a yellow tinged tympanic membrane?

    <p>Infection with pus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lack of tympanic membrane flexibility typically lead to?

    <p>Conductive hearing loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Whisper test conducted?

    <p>Cover your mouth and whisper from two feet away (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    SOAP

    A method for organizing patient information: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.

    Old Carts

    A mnemonic for pain assessment: Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Alleviating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, Severity.

    HPI

    History of Present Illness; a detailed account of the patient's current health issues.

    PQRST

    A mnemonic to evaluate pain: Precipitation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Timing.

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    Xerosis

    Dry skin resulting from impaired keratinocyte formation, common in the elderly.

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    Stasis Dermatitis

    Dry, itchy skin on lower extremities caused by vascular changes and fluid buildup.

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    Rosacea

    A chronic inflammatory skin condition, often undiagnosed, characterized by redness and visible blood vessels.

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    SOAP Notes

    Notes containing Subjective and Objective data, assessments, and treatment plans for patient interactions.

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    Otalgia

    Pain in the ear, can be caused by infection, inflammation, or other conditions.

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    Tympanic membrane reflex

    Light reflex seen in the tympanic membrane indicating health; located at different positions based on ear side.

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    Opaque tympanic membrane

    An opaque appearance indicates chronic otitis, repetitive perforation, or tympanosclerosis.

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    Air bubbles behind tympanic membrane

    Indicates acute otitis media or serous otitis due to fluid accumulation.

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    Weber test

    A hearing test to assess bone conduction by placing a tuning fork on the forehead.

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    Rinne test

    A test comparing air conduction to bone conduction using a tuning fork on mastoid and near the ear.

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    Conductive hearing loss

    Hearing loss caused by problems in the outer or middle ear, indicated by Rinne and Weber tests.

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    Sensorineural hearing loss

    Hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear or neural pathways; tested with Rinne test results.

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    Increased ICP

    Increased intracranial pressure can prevent eyelids from closing.

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    Eyelid Eversion

    Technique used to examine upper eyelid for foreign bodies or injury.

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    Fluorescein Stain Technique

    Method to identify corneal abrasions using a fluorescent dye.

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    Corneal Light Reflex Test

    Test to assess symmetry of light reflection in pupils.

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    Cover-Uncover Test

    Test to identify the weaker eye based on movement.

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    Outer Ear Anatomy

    Includes the pinna (auricle) and ear canal, key for hearing.

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    Middle Ear Components

    Contains bones transmitting sound waves from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea.

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    Inner Ear Function

    Contains structures for hearing and balance; key for auditory processing.

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    Rosacea hallmark

    Bulky tissue and dilated vessels seen in geriatric patients.

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    Ocular rosacea

    A variant of rosacea affecting the eyes, often overlooked.

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    RSVP eye assessment

    Mnemonic for crucial eye history questions: Redness, Sensitivity to light, Vision Loss, Pain.

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    Arcus senilis

    Gray or white ring at corneal margin due to fat deposits in older adults.

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    Pterygium

    Wedge-shaped conjunctival growth usually related to irritation.

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    Endotropion

    Inward turning of eyelid margin and lashes, increasing with age.

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    Vertical diplopia

    Double vision caused by issues with Cranial nerve IV (trochlear).

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    Visual Acuity test

    Measures eyesight as a ratio, e.g., 20/30-1 indicates distance and errors.

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    Study Notes

    Exam 1 Review: HEENT

    • Components of health history and SOAP note documentation are crucial
    • Skin examination includes assessment of lesions, common geriatric skin problems and skin cancer
    • Eye examination includes assessment techniques and findings, focusing on cranial nerves and potential emergencies like vision loss
    • Ear examination considers infections, hearing loss, and testing techniques like Weber and Rinne tests
    • Nose, Mouth, and Throat (NMT) assessment involves techniques for examining the structures and thyroid/lymph nodes.
    • Health history includes SOAP- (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) components. Important considerations include old carts (onset, location, duration, characteristics, alleviating/aggravating factors, radiation or relieving pain, timing, severity).
    • Common geriatric skin lesions, like xerosis (dry skin) and stasis dermatitis (often found in lower extremities due to vascular issues), are crucial to understand and differentiate from other conditions.
    • Eye exams include testing for pupils, arcus senilis (white rings in cornea due to fat deposits), and pterygium (a wedge-shaped growth in conjunctiva).
    • Eyelid conditions, like entropion (inward-turning of eyelid) and ectropion (outward turning of eyelid), are important to identify. Common causes include eyelid malignancy, hordeolum (sty), and chalazion.
    • Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are responsible for eye movements, while horizontal and vertical diplopia are symptoms often resulting from cranial nerve issues.
    • Visual acuity and corneal reflex tests are essential for comprehensive eye evaluation.
    • Ear exams involve testing the outer/middle/inner ear, tympanic membranes, and whisper tests to assess hearing acuity.
    • Otalgia, or ear pain, can have different causes.
    • Hearing loss can arise from various factors like cerumen impaction.
    • Cranial nerve function encompasses smell, vision, eye movements, facial sensations and expressions, hearing, taste, swallowing, neck muscle and shoulder movement, tongue movement.
    • Mnemonic (acronym) "Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet. Such Heaven!" can help remember the cranial nerves.
    • Fluorescein and corneal light reflex tests aid in assessing corneal health.

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    Exam 1 Review, Heent PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of HEENT (Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat) examinations and health history documentation. It includes the SOAP note components, skin, eye, ear, and NMT assessment techniques, along with common geriatric skin problems. Understanding these concepts is crucial for accurate patient evaluation and care.

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