Exam 1 A&P2 - Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

The activation of red blood cell production in the individuals that traveled to the areas of high elevation is an example of

  • A positive feedback loop activated to increase the levels of oxygen
  • A negative feedback loop not participating in homeostasis
  • None of the above, because it is solely related to the heart physiology, duh.
  • A positive feedback loop that leads to the increased production of erythrocytes
  • A negative feedback loop that leads to the increased production of erythrocytes (correct)

    • The following is true about the platelets, EXCEPT

  • They are full cells (correct)
  • They are produced from megakaryocytes
  • They are a type of a formed element
  • They participate in clotting
  • They participate in creating a vascular spasm

    • The leukocytes capable of producing antibodies are called

  • monocytes
  • basophiles
  • Neutrophiles
  • Eosinophiles
  • lymphocytes (correct)

    • If a hemopoietic stem cell differentiated into colony forming unit (CFU),

    <p>It cannot differentiate into any other type of formed element except the one it became committed to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a person is responding to the infection by vasodilation and increased blood flow to the infected area, you can find

    <p>Increased levels of histamine in their blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins carry the blood

    <p>Back to the heart except for the pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelet plug formation is an example of a

    <p>Positive feedback loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following is true about the monocytes, EXCEPT

    <p>They have a bilobed nucleus and multiple granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blood cell with 3-5 lobed nucleus and granules is a

    <p>Neutrophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The loss of nucleus and organelles during hemopoiesis and development from reticulocytes are characteristics attributable to

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood element is incorrectly paired with the molecule?

    <p>Eosinophil-vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood osmolarity can be affected in the following way:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemophilia is a blood disorder characterized by

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You would expect the pulmonary veins on the picture in the textbook labeled

    <p>In red, only next to the heart, because they carry oxygen rich blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coronary artery of the heart is supplied with oxygenated blood

    <p>during ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pain associated with angina pectoris is the result of

    <p>Without the steady cholinergic inhibitory input the heart rate at rest would be higher than 80 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following is a true statement:

    <p>It is easier to electrically stimulate the SA node, because its resting membrane potential is set at -80mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All is true regarding the cardiac muscle EXCEPT

    <p>The production of ATP relies mainly on anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thoracic pump helps with venous return and lymph movement and it is created when

    <p>The thoracic cavity expands during inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    QRS complex represents in EKG

    <p>Ventricular depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left ventricle contracts

    <p>At the same time as the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sphincters control the blood flow into

    <p>The capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tunica media

    <p>Contains the smooth muscles and regulates diameter of the vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of transcytosis (a type of capillary exchange)

    <p>Endothelial cells pick up the material on one side of the membrane by pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis and discharge it on the other side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemoreceptors can be found in

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In order to treat the Covid-19 patients with antibodies, the laboratory technicians need to isolate them from

    <p>Plasma of the recovered patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When you try to figure out if the patient suffers from anemia, the best approach would be to

    <p>Assess the red blood cells density (number of cells in a specific volume) by counting them under the microscope using hemocytometer, because that is what is important in determining if someone suffers from anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fenestrated capillaries are often present

    <p>In areas that require rapid absorption or filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following molecules moves through diffusion in the capillary EXCEPT:

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aneurysm is

    <p>The bulging thin-walled sac only present in the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tunica interna is

    <p>Lined by epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphatic system plays a role in

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blood that is poor in the oxygen reaches the heart through the large diameter veins called ______ (1). This blood is collected in the ______ (2) located on the ______ (3) side of the heart. From there, the blood travels through ______ (4) valve to the ______ (5) ventricle and subsequently enters ______ (6), which divides into the left and right ______ (7) for gas exchange. Once replenished with oxygen, the blood arrives to the heart through the ______ (8) that meet in the ______ (9) located on the ______ (10) side of the heart. From there, the blood travels to the ______ (11) ventricle through the ______ (12) valve. This large ventricle of the heart, pumps the blood through ______ (13) valve into the largest diameter artery called the ______ (14) to be delivered to the rest of the body through the ______ (15) circuit.

    <p>Vena Cava, Right atrium, right, Tricuspid, right, Pulmonary Trunk, pulmonary arteries, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, left, Left, Mitral or AV, Aortic, Aorta, Systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam 1 A&P2 - Study Notes

    • Exam Format: 1 hour and 40 minutes. Multiple choice (60 min), Fill in the blank (10 min), Short answer (30 min)

    • Part I - Multiple Choice: Each question is worth 2 points. Only one correct answer per question. Scantron answer sheet required.

    • Question 1: Red blood cell production at high elevations is an example of a positive feedback loop, leading to increased erythrocyte production. It is related to increased oxygen demand, not heart physiology.

    • Question 2: Platelets are formed elements produced by megakaryocytes that participate in clotting and vascular spasms. They are not full cells.

    • Question 3: Lymphocytes (specifically B-lymphocytes) are the leukocytes responsible for antibody production.

    • Question 4: A hemopoietic stem cell differentiating into a colony-forming unit (CFU) can differentiate into other formed element types but is committed to a specific type.

    • Question 5 (Page 2): Vasodilation during infection leads to increased histamine levels, not decreased.

    • Question 7 (Page 2): Platelet plug formation is a positive feedback loop.

    • Question 8 (Page 2): Monocytes are agranulocytes, large white blood cells that differentiate into macrophages. They do not have bilobed nuclei or granules.

    • Question 9 (Page 2): Neutrophils are the blood cells with 3-5 lobed nuclei and granules.

    • Question 10 (Page 2): Loss of nucleus and organelles during hemopoiesis and development from reticulocytes is characteristic of forming granulocytes and agranulocytes

    • Question 11 (Page 3): Incorrect pairing of blood element and molecule: Eosinophil-Vitamin B12.

    • Question 12 (Page 3): Blood osmolarity can be affected by high or low levels. Optimal osmolarity depends on sodium, proteins, and red blood cells.

    • Question 13 (Page 3): Hemophilia is a hereditary, X-linked recessive trait characterized by excessive bleeding due to deficiencies in clotting factors.

    • Question 14 (Page 3): Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

    • Question 15 (Page 3): Coronary arteries receive oxygenated blood during ventricular relaxation.

    • Question 16 (Page 3): Angina pectoris is caused by ischemia of heart muscle and lactic acid accumulation, not an increase in oxygen consumption.

    • Question 17 (Page 3): Intercalated discs aid in efficient conduction of action potentials in heart muscle tissue.

    • Question 18 (Page 4): Norepinephrine increases heart rate, which can be countered by acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors.

    • Question 19 (Page 4): Cardiac muscle is rich in glycogen and has many mitochondria, but it does rely mainly on aerobic respiration.

    • Question 20 (Page 4): Thoracic pump assists venous return and lymph movement during inhalation.

    • Question 21 (Page 4): QRS complex in an EKG represents ventricular depolarization.

    • Question 22 (Page 4): Left ventricle contracts at the same time as the right ventricle.

    • Question 23 (Page 4): Sphincters control blood flow into capillaries.

    • Question 24 (Page 4): Tunica media contains smooth muscle that regulates vessel diameter.

    • Question 25 (Page 5): Transcytosis is a process of moving substances across the endothelial cells of a capillary.

    • Question 26 (Page 5): Chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch, carotid arteries, and medulla oblongata.

    • Question 27 (Page 5): Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present antigenic fragments to T and B lymphocytes.

    • Question 28 (Page 5): Antibodies to treat COVID-19 are isolated from white blood cells (specifically, plasma) of recovered patients.

    • Question 29 (Page 5): To diagnose anemia, assessing red blood cell density or hematocrit is crucial.

    • Question 30 (Page 6): Fenestrated capillaries allow rapid absorption and filtration. Found in bone marrow and some organs to aid exchange.

    • Question 31 (Page 6): Lymphatic vessels have valves and rely on muscle contractions and body movement for fluid movement.

    • Question 32 (Page 6): Proteins do not move through diffusion in capillaries.

    • Question 33 (Page 6): Aneurysm is a bulging, weakened area in an artery's wall.

    • Question 34 (Page 6): Tunica interna is composed of epithelial cells that line capillaries to aid in blood flow.

    • Question 35 (Page 6): Lymphatic system helps with tissue fluid, lipid transport and immune responses.

    Part II - Fill-in-the-Blank (Page 7)

    • Blood Circulation: The text discusses the flow of blood through the heart, including the vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, and aorta.

    Part II - Long Answer Question (Page 7)

    • Hypotension Case Study: The student's mother has hypotension, and this question delves into possible causes, impacts on erythrocytes, fluid balance, and potential heart effects.

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    Exam 1 A&P2 - PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1 with this comprehensive study guide. It covers key concepts such as red blood cell production, platelet function, and the role of lymphocytes in immunity. Test yourself with multiple choice and short answer questions to reinforce your understanding of the material.

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