History and Systems of Psychology: Exam 1

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Questions and Answers

Bouchard and colleagues speculated that people's genetic characteristics might influence the environment. What is a good example of this.

  • A child with an artistic genetic temperament doodling and coloring so much that parents and family members provide this child with art supplies and lessons (correct)
  • Any child whose family encourages artistic endeavors will be artistic

Marian Diamond has applied the research she conducted with Rosenzweig to study which of the following:

  • How sports is beneficial for children's cognitive development
  • The beneficial effect of cognitive activity on the aging process (correct)
  • The detrimental effects of environmental toxins
  • The effects of diet on rats development

What theory is most likely supported by the Gibson and Walk (1960) study?

  • Evolutionary (correct)
  • Cognitivism
  • Behaviorism
  • Social Learning Theory

In the Sperry and Gazzaniga studies, the drawings of three dimensional figures produced by split-brain participants showed more spatial awareness when formed with the ______ hand. This shows that the ______ hemisphere is critical for processing spatial relationships.

<p>left; right (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Gibson and Walk's (1960) explanation for rats not showing hesitation when walking across the deep side of the visual cliff? Correct!

<p>Vision is not the primary sense organ for rats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gibson and Walk (1960) took a nativist position on their visual cliff research. What prediction aligns with this?

<p>Most babies will not walk across the deep side of the visual cliff to get to their mother (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gazzaniga continued producing research demonstrating that there are left versus right brained personalities.

<p>False, personality based on differences in brain activity across hemispheres is a myth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is so significant about Rosenzweig's research?

<p>He and his colleagues showed that environment can change one's brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bouchard (1990) study rejected which dominant psychological theory?

<p>Strict Behaviorism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a response whereby a person experiences more time in REM sleep after a period of deprivation?

<p>REM rebound effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the study by Rosch (1973) when you think of a cat, you might be more likely to think of a Tabby than a Sphinx, because Tabbies are more common/ideal examples of the category "cat." What is another word for this?

<p>prototype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Rosch (1973), participants of the Dani tribe learned which kind of colors more quickly? What does this indicate?

<p>focal colors ... showing that categories for colors exist psychologically even if there are not words for them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the Aserinsky & Klietman (1953) as well as the Dement (1960) studies, it has been found that alcohol effects sleep in the following way:

<p>After consuming alcohol, people will spend more time in deep sleep but not enough time in REM sleep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before the Fantz (1961) study was published, it was previously assumed that infants were unable to perceive

<p>form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fantz (1960) showed that infants prefer looking at which of the following:

<p>faces and complex figures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Dement (1960) control for the fact that participants in his study were awakened several times during the night, and that is the reason for their change in sleep patterns (not the lack of REM sleep specifically)?

<p>He had participants come back to the lab and awakened them the same number of time during non REM sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Testing infants by measuring the time they take to look at something is a technique called _____________

<p>preferential looking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are major areas of interest in cognitive psychology?

<p>knowledge and memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wundt is known for which contribution of which methodology in Cognitive Psychology

<p>introspection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The unconscious and early childhood experiences are emphasized by the ________.

<p>psychodynamic school of psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables as materials for his experiments. The use of nonsense syllables best demonstrates

<p>Poor ecological validity but a high degree of experimental control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of psychologist would most likely be asked to serve as an expert witness during a court case?

<p>forensic psychologist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Kayla is interested in personality psychology, she is most likely to study

<p>long-standing traits and patterns that propel behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pavlov is to ________ and B.F. Skinner is to ________.

<p>classical conditioning; operant conditioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics are included in the biological domain of psychology?

<p>neuroscience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wilhelm Wundt’s usage of introspection to measure the workings of the mind is known as

<p>structuralism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chomsky claimed that radical behaviorism was too narrow to explain the phenomenon of language. Which argument best supports his claim:

<p>Children's errors are systematic and apparently derived from an abstract system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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