Evolutionary Theory Quiz

<p>Natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change in genetic composition of populations over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species change gradually over time and share a common ancestor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolutionary theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HMS Beagle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic drift is a random process, while natural selection is driven by selective pressures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It introduces new alleles into a population, increasing genetic diversity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sudden, catastrophic event like a wildfire or disease outbreak. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptation is the direct result of natural selection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles that are neutral in terms of fitness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection is driven by human intervention, while natural selection is driven by environmental factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic drift has a greater impact on small populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No genetic drift (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reproductive contribution of a phenotype to subsequent generations relative to other phenotypes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directional selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Height in humans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They will remain constant across generations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection favoring one phenotype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterozygotes can survive and reproduce in a wider range of environmental conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enzyme affects the butterfly's metabolic rate, determining how efficiently it can use fuel for flight. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TTX helps the newt to defend itself from predators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Without variation, the population is less likely to adapt to changing environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The host fish is equally vulnerable to attack from both sides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution can lead to a balanced diversity within a population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial Selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene Pool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations are random, but selection acts on them to favor advantageous traits, leading to adaptation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The allele may have been favored by natural selection in the past. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a way to detect evolutionary change in a population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection favors traits that are beneficial to humans, while natural selection favors traits beneficial for survival and reproduction in the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases genetic diversity within a population. (C), It introduces new alleles into a population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in genetic diversity due to a new population being founded by a small number of individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals with a specific genotype preferentially mating with other individuals with that same genotype. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of nonrandom mating where individuals with certain traits are more likely to reproduce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males with longer tails had more chances of successfully attracting females. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A locus where there is more than one allele present. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By directly counting alleles in a sample of individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is equal to 1. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sum of the frequencies of all alleles at a given locus equals 1. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Change in genetic composition of populations over time.

Understanding mechanisms behind evolutionary change.

Includes mutation, selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and nonrandom mating.

Proportions of different alleles in a population's gene pool.

Differential survival and reproduction based on trait variation.

Selection that favors average traits and reduces variation.

Species change over time from a common ancestor.

Species become increasingly different over time due to evolution.

The process by which humans breed plants and animals for desired traits.

A change in the nucleotide sequences of DNA, causing genetic variation.

The sum of all copies of all alleles at all loci in a population.

The proportion of a specific allele in the gene pool.

The proportion of each genotype within a population.

The random changes in allele frequencies in a population, often having a more significant effect in small populations.

Mating between individuals based on specific traits instead of randomly.

A favored trait that spreads through a population due to natural selection, improving survival and reproduction.

The transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another through migration or movement.

An event that drastically reduces the size of a population, leading to reduced genetic diversity.

Studies where researchers bred fruit flies to test the effects of selection on traits like body bristle number.

A reduced genetic variation in a new population due to a small founding group.

Increased appearance of individuals with identical alleles in a population.

Nonrandom mating that favors traits increasing reproductive success.

Bright colors and elaborate features help compete for mates.

Determining proportions of different alleles in a population using ratios.

A genetic locus with multiple alleles, leading to various genotypes.

Long-tailed birds attract more females despite survival risks.

An allele that is the only variant in a population at a specific locus.

A model in which allele frequencies remain constant under certain conditions.

The requirements are no mutation, selection, gene flow, infinite population size, and random mating.

The expected frequencies of genotypes in a population after one generation: AA (p²), Aa (2pq), aa (q²).

p² + 2pq + q² = 1, describing genotype frequencies in a population.

The reproductive success of a phenotype relative to others in the population.

Includes stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection affecting phenotype distributions.

Heterozygous individuals outperform homozygotes under changing conditions.

Presence of multiple alleles in a population influencing survival traits.

Colias butterflies show polymorphism for an enzyme allowing flight in varied temperatures.

Evolution is limited by genetic variation and existing trait modifications.

Adaptations may have costs that must be outweighed by benefits for survival.

Traits can be beneficial in some contexts but not in others due to trade-offs.

Rough-skinned newts produce TTX, a neurotoxin harmful to predators.

Skates and rays evolved from ancestors with a different body plan to thrive on the ocean floor.