Evolutionary Theory Overview

<p>The theory of evolution states that all species on Earth today descended from a single common ancestor, and this descent is the result of evolutionary change over billions of years. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution plays a vital role in understanding various biological phenomena, including disease development and genetic variation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both mutations and sexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over time, offspring will always become more complex and advanced than their parents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The finches on different islands had unique beak shapes adapted to their specific diets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A heritable trait that increases an organism's survival and reproduction in its current environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossils demonstrate a gradual change in species over time, showing evidence of common descent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The similar bone structure in the limbs of a whale, a bat, and a human. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic diversity allows for a variety of traits within a population, making it more adaptable to environmental changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By constricting blood vessels to reduce blood flow to the surface of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Torpor is a shorter-term state of reduced metabolism, while hibernation is seasonal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporative heat loss occurs when heat energy is absorbed by water as it evaporates from the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate heat using mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The production of heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wind increases the rate of convection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of an organism adjusting to changes in its environment over a short period of time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allele frequency is a measure of how often a specific allele appears in a population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant allele frequencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All the different alleles present in a population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a stable internal environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas releases insulin, causing the liver to store glucose as glycogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consumption and digestion of food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect changes in blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive feedback reinforces changes in the internal environment, while negative feedback counteracts them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A change in the body's set point at different times of the day. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruit flies with the DDT-resistance allele were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing the allele to their offspring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic drift is a significant factor in the population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of a new population by a small group of individuals who may not represent the full genetic diversity of the original population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a transitional fossil that bridges the gap between fish and tetrapods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reptiles lay amniotic eggs, while amphibians lay eggs in water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some individuals used Darwin's ideas about natural selection to justify social inequalities and racial differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to improving the human gene pool through controlled breeding and selective elimination of undesirable traits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primates have a more advanced nervous system and larger brain size than other mammals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The founder effect involves the establishment of a new population, while the bottleneck effect involves a reduction in the size of an existing population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of non-random mating where individuals with similar traits are more likely to mate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation that evolutionary change often involves periods of rapid change followed by periods of relatively little change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exoskeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in oxygen levels in the environment, enabling the evolution of larger, more complex organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Change in characteristics of organisms over generations.

Evolution occurring within populations across generations through genetic inheritance.

All current species descend from a common ancestor over billions of years.

Heterozygous individuals have a survival benefit against malaria, despite having a harmful gene.

Bacteria evolve to survive in the presence of antibiotics, making treatment difficult.

The study of genetic variation within populations and changes in allele frequency.

The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a population.

The complete set of genetic information within a population, consisting of all alleles.

A reproductive barrier where species live in different habitats and do not interbreed.

A reproductive hurdle where hybrid offspring fail to develop properly or die early.

A communication system using electrical and chemical signals called neurotransmitters.

A communication system that uses chemical signals called hormones that travel through the bloodstream.

The regulation of conditions in the body's internal environment to maintain stability.

A process that brings the system back to the set point and turns off the response when achieved.

The desired value or range of values that a system aims to maintain.

A cycle that involves set point, stimulus, sensor, and response to maintain homeostasis.

Natural changes in set points based on the time of day and environment.

A response mechanism that does not promote homeostasis and needs external input to stop.

Adjusting physiological processes to changes in the environment.

The ability of mammals and birds to maintain a stable internal body temperature.

Materials or methods that reduce heat loss in endothermic animals.

Methods by which the body loses heat: radiation, evaporation, convection, conduction.

A state of reduced metabolic activity and body temperature during extreme conditions.

A type of fat that generates heat through metabolism instead of ATP.

Cooling process where heat is lost through the evaporation of water from the body.

A mechanism in limbs that minimizes heat loss by reducing blood flow in cold conditions.

A mechanism of evolution where individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce.

Key insights include inheritance, overproduction, and survival of the fittest.

Birds studied by Darwin that varied in beak shape and diet, showcasing adaptation.

A heritable trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction.

Variability in inherited traits among individuals, essential for natural selection.

Physical remains that support the theory of common descent and evolutionary change.

The theory that all species share a common ancestor.

Similar structures in different species, indicating evolutionary relationships.

A state where allele frequencies remain constant in a population, given specific conditions.

No mutations, large population, random mating, no migration, no natural selection.

Random changes in allele frequencies that occur in small populations.

A reduced genetic diversity that occurs when a small number of individuals start a new population.

A sharp reduction in population size due to environmental events or crises.

The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of individuals.

Mating between individuals of similar phenotypes, affecting allele frequencies.

The theory that evolution occurs in rapid bursts followed by long periods of stability.

Animals that have a backbone; includes humans, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

Eggs that have a protective membrane, allowing for reproduction on land.

An order of mammals including monkeys and apes, characterized by flexible limbs and large brains.

The application of Darwin's theories of natural selection to social policies and hierarchies.

The belief in improving the genetic quality of humans through selective breeding.