Evolutionary Theory of Kin Selection and Inclusive Fitness

<p>Inclusive fitness theory explains why people differ in genetic relatedness to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal grandmothers would invest more than paternal grandfathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why families might form from an evolutionary perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are expected to have evolved for different types of kin relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a special case of kinship relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mothers having children by different men</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Middle-born children may receive less total investment from parents and are less likely to feel solidarity with their families&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Sibling relationships are often marked by conflict and ambivalence&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;It influences cooperation and behavior&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Menopause evolved to allow women to invest in grandchildren</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full siblings had more contact and investment in each other compared to half-siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To encourage younger members to behave altruistically toward collateral kin due to genetic relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperation based on genetic relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperation and solidarity between kin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex, generation, and closeness, corresponding to genetic relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness predicts investment and contact among siblings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their 'real' relatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hamilton's rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the benefit to the recipient multiplied by genetic relatedness exceeds the cost to the actor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperation, conflict, risk-taking, inheritance of wealth, and grieving</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals should incur costs if benefits to a 0.50 kin member are more than twice the costs to the actor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproductive success and effects on relatives' reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That relatives differ in their value to an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can evolve under certain conditions outlined by Hamilton's rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To persuade and influence others, even when no actual kinship is involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Referring to each other as 'brothers' and 'sisters'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trigger the psychology of kinship and increase the odds of receiving spare change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Brothers in arms' is a common term used among soldiers sharing combat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate the psychology of kinship and potentially influence behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trigger the psychology of kinship and increase the likelihood of receiving assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People received more investment from their full siblings than from their half siblings, even when raised together and treated as full siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fishing and whaling villages of Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good hunters ensure that their bounty of meat is distributed to households containing their close kin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having large groups of herders containing high levels of genetic relatedness resulted in larger and more efficiently used herds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People respond with more aggression toward those who insult their kin than non-kin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study found that women strive for benefits when having kin in close proximity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predator confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giving alarm calls more frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early association</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newborns who were breastfed prefer the odor of their mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their full siblings but not their half or step-siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genealogical distance, social rank, and group membership</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genealogical distance, social rank, and group membership</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical similarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kin recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness predicted spending on children's food, health care, and clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helping decreased as genetic relatedness decreased, especially in life-or-death scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a larger kin network offered protection against lethal attacks from other groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness predicted helping, with more help given to genetic relatives with higher reproductive value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal kin network size correlated with the health and mortality rate of children</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a larger kin network offered protection against dangerous predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness strongly affects helping, especially in life-or-death situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Living with kin has positive effects on contributors to fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Emotional closeness&quot; is a psychological mediator for altruistic behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants indicated how emotionally close they felt to each family member on a scale of 1 to 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Living with kin has positive effects on contributors to fertility&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Korchmaros &amp; Kenny (2001)&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Father's mother (FaMo)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mother's mother was closest to grandchildren</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expressed feelings of closeness and readiness to adopt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mother's father was ranked higher than father's mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infidelity rates were higher in younger generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mother's mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men were more likely to allocate resources to their surviving spouse, especially if the spouse was old and post-reproductive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex differences related to paternity uncertainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Becoming a grandparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two opportunities for genetic kinship to be severed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remarry, potentially diverting resources from their previous wife's children to unrelated individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collateral kin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol levels are reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to increased survival rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People leave more of their estates to genetically related kin and spouses than to unrelated people</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More to closely related genetic kin than to more distant genetic relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More is left to children than to siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men often leave their entire estates to their wives, while women distribute their estates among a larger number of beneficiaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness strongly predicts subjective closeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological closeness is robust even when controlling for variables like residential proximity and frequency of contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents experience more grief than less genetically close relatives when a child dies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both male and female kin express strong preferences for a wealthy and skilled prospective husband</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People reported feeling worse if their partner cheated with a biological relative than with a stranger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social behaviors and immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased competition and conflict, especially with higher quality vacancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of sexual abuse for girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offer modifications and empirical tests of key predictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition from other groups, social exchange based on reciprocal altruism, and nonreproductive helpers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their offspring to disperse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conditions under which families remain stable or fall apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groups where offspring continue to interact regularly into adulthood with their parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple families consist of single parent or conjugal pair, while extended families consist of groups in which two or more relatives of the same sex may reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delayed reproduction and concentrated competition for resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When there is a shortage of reproductive vacancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ecological constraints model and familial benefits model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Families will form when there is a shortage of reproductive vacancies, and they will break up when the vacancies become available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paternity certainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal aunts invest more than maternal uncles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability of paternity uncertainty through the male line</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mating opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'MoSis' children have higher genetic relatedness probability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People were more willing to help cousins with higher genetic relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grandparents decreased investment in response to higher infidelity rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women evolved a long post-menopausal lifespan due to grandparental investment increasing their inclusive fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The best relationship is with maternal grandmothers and the least good is with paternal grandfathers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It found strong evidence supporting the hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It supported patterns found in other studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paternal grandmothers grieve the most, paternal grandfathers grieve the least.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paternal grandmothers invest less in their son's children due to secure investment in their daughter's children</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevailing rates of infidelity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal grandfathers lack alternative outlets for investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence or absence of other outlets for investing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence or absence of other outlets for investing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amplifying their levels of begging</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing their level of suckling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage-managing conflicts among them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequently gory and often fatal struggles between offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing suckling among mammalian siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimistically producing more young than they expect to rear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pushing a sibling out of the nest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflicts over women or resources needed to attract women</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining contact and requesting money</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution of altruism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between siblings, between parents and offspring, and between mothers and fathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parent-offspring conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflicts between mothers and fathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their own experiences of turmoil and disagreement within families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Association and odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptations for providing benefits to nonrelatives can evolve if benefits are reciprocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem of altruism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinship is a predictor of helping behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanisms to solve adaptive problems with siblings, half siblings, grandparents, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness among kin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repeatedly playing the game over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The problem of cheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small cost to the giver and a larger benefit to the receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The challenge of cooperation and the temptation to defect for personal gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engaging in reciprocal altruism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repeating the game over time without knowing when it will end</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A payoff matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The challenge of balancing self-interest and mutual benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring that benefits will be returned in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing individuals, remembering history of interactions, and representing costs and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turning over cards to test a logical rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turning over the card with the vowel and possibly the even number card</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>None of the archeologists are chess players</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No valid inferences can be drawn at all from the above premises</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing others, remembering history of interactions, and communicating values effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed an alliance with another male, Nikkie, to challenge Luit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vulnerability to cheating in reciprocal exchanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviors indicating reciprocal altruistic adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms can benefit through cooperative exchange, but many potential exchanges do not occur simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complexities of the evolution of reciprocal altruism in animal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reciprocal exchange of grooming and food sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retaliate only after the other has defected</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlarging the shadow of the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regurgitating blood to their friends in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Death, as they can only go without blood for 3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strategy called tit for tat, containing only four lines of Fortran statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperation on the first move and reciprocation thereafter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$5000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$200</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generous tit for tat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capacity 1: Ability to recognize many different individuals, supported by scientific evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to exploit cooperative individuals without incurring the costs of cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a specific area of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proficient ability to recognize many different individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capacity 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capacity 5: Ability to represent costs and benefits of exchanges, independent of specific items exchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People are able to detect genuine altruistic dispositions from very brief video clips</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asking them to recall being cheated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific actions taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Further research'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threatening stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cards 'a' and '3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans have not evolved to respond to abstract logical problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Someone drinking beer and a 16-year-old</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problems structured as social exchanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problems structured as social exchanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans have not evolved to respond to abstract logical problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that altruistic acts are honest signals of an individual's quality as a potential ally</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They advertise a propensity for generosity and cooperation, making individuals attractive as cooperation partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a form of social insurance against catastrophe in volatile environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both are mechanisms for individuals to communicate their quality as potential allies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more likely to choose costly charity work when volunteering publicly, boosting their social reputation and popularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-cultural evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People remember the faces of known cheaters better than known co-operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subsequent cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The involvement of specific brain areas in cheater detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perspective one adopts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of automatic attentional bias in social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gratitude and anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may not be solely based on explicit reciprocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marital dissatisfaction and potential dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Friendships might not solely be based on reciprocal exchange'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altruism through costly signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As an action that benefits others at a cost to the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focusing on the existence of mechanisms designed to deliver benefits to others, regardless of whether they are costly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves incurring a cost to benefit genetic relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolutionary adaptations designed to deliver benefits to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beneft gained by a genetic relative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incurring costs that are later offset by benefits gained when the friend returns the favor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Friendships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less attractive members perceiving more rivalry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term sexual access</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food, shelter, and advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being friends with those who value the same things can lead to beneficial changes in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The flow of benefits from each friend, not just intentional ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultivating specialized skills and seeking out groups that value unique attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most reliable evidence of friendship comes from help received during desperate times, especially if it is costly to the helper</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distinguishing true friends who are deeply engaged in our welfare from fair-weather friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of slots already filled and evaluating who emits positive externalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is simultaneously a decision not to befriend another due to the limited number of friendship niches</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive externalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misinterpretation of sexual attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their own feelings are reciprocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perception of initiator's mate value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reported receiving protection from their friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their friend felt romantically attracted to them but they were not attracted to their friend</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When it incurs additional cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loan money to those who need it the least and refuse those who need it the most</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Becoming irreplaceable or indispensable to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How irreplaceable each friend has become</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being the sole provider of certain benefits and making oneself valuable in a unique way</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's willingness and ability to repay, and whether helping this person is the best use of limited capacity to help</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Costly signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect reciprocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kin selection, reciprocal altruism, indirect reciprocity, and costly signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognition of individuals, memory of interactions, communication of values, representation of costs and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need-based transfer systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharing blood preferentially with those who have recently helped them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of shunning non-contributors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To strive for an equitable benefit-to-contribution ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gossip, in-group favoritism, and xenophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinating divergent interests, imposing group obligations, and punishing free-riders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coalitional psychology and aligning individuals to group goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes no psychological or physical pain to the shunners</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To motivate individuals to punish free-riders and encourage others to do the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase group contribution and damage free-riders’ fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The region linked with reward and satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural group selection and reputational benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receiving reputational benefits and being seen as more trustworthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has been observed as a universal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide information about the opposite sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As more beneficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mating rivalry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same-sex friendships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receiving information about the opposite sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men have a greater desire for short-term casual sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid intrasexual rivalry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defection and free-riding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collapse due to defection and free-riding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Punishment leads to higher levels of cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational studies in non-human primates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social skills and ability to enlist allies for support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased sexual opportunities with females</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'True' submissive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social skills and alliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'True' submissive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pecking order among chickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggression, ambition, social influence, resource control, confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid conflict and maintain group harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance his status and reputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gain social recognition and respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False claims of having won a military medal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Purple Heart for bravery in the Iraq war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crayfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine access to key resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominance hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior based on past successes and failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% within 1 minute, 50% within 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominance involves force or the threat of force, while prestige is based on freely conferred deference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a key role in acquiring prestige.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boost in social reputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a positive reputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The different paths to elevated rank or status, including dominance and prestige</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men's status was positively correlated with having more wives, higher fertility rates, and more surviving offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More wives and lower offspring mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They married younger wives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural subsistence patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More women through short-term relationships, extramarital affairs, and serial marriages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More frequent sex, more children, and physically attractive and younger women as partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of women corresponded closely to the status of the man, with emperors and high-ranking men having access to hundreds or thousands of women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One out of every five males in northwestern Ireland is likely to be a descendant of a single ruler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men in positions of power and status have had extravagant sexual access to women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$High-status$ men kept more women, with emperors keeping the most women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$High-status$ men consistently had access to harems and multiple women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$High-status$ men consistently had access to harems and multiple women, while many poorer men could only afford one wife or none at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deception/manipulation, social display/networking, and industriousness/knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their reproductive outputs and investment in offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$ ext{Fairness}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$ ext{Reciprocal altruism}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social prestige</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intelligence, good social skills, oratory skills, and unifying groups toward a common goal</p> Signup and view all the answers