18 Questions
Why might a mother sometimes withhold investment in a current fetus?
To increase the chances of future reproduction.
In the Bruce Effect, why might a pregnant animal get rid of the baby?
To save investments and benefits.
What can lead parents to increase sibling competition according to the text?
Scarcity of resources available for all offspring.
Why might parents sometimes promote competition between siblings?
To prepare them for resource-scarce environments.
When should parents withhold investment in current offspring according to the ultimate perspective?
In species with low resources and low probability of survival or reproduction.
What is a reason why parents should promote competition among offspring?
It prepares offspring for resource-scarce situations.
Why might a reduction in certainty of paternity lead to differing interest in investment between mother and 'father'?
Fathers may invest less when they are not certain of genetic relatedness.
What is a potential outcome of mothers being selected to reassure paternity?
Increased investment in offspring by both parents.
From an evolutionary perspective, what does the ultimate level explanation provide for cooperation and conflict within families?
Insight into the reasons behind cooperation and conflict based on relatedness.
What is a potential cost associated with living in groups, as mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of infanticide.
How does a reduction in predator pressure benefit animals living in groups?
Leads to dilution and a selfish herd mentality.
Why might mothers be selected to reassure paternity from an evolutionary perspective?
To ensure more investment from fathers in caring for offspring.
What is the main focus of parent-offspring conflict?
Monopolizing resources for current offspring
In the context of parent-offspring conflict, why might offspring be selected to monopolize resources?
Especially when siblings have relatedness coefficient (r) less than 0.5
What is the 'Weaning Conflict' primarily concerned with?
Balancing benefits and costs between parents and offspring during weaning
From the perspective of weaning age, what does 'time cutting the resources of the cost' refer to?
Balancing the costs and benefits of weaning
In the context of parent-offspring conflict, why do half-siblings play a significant role?
They may have a relatedness coefficient (r) less than 0.5
What creates conflict during the 'Period of Weaning Conflict'?
Offspring resisting the reduction of parental resources during weaning
Test your knowledge on how evolutionary theory explains cooperation and conflict within families. Explore topics such as certainty of paternity, investment in offspring, and family dynamics from an ultimate perspective.
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