Evolutionary Theory and Family Dynamics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Why might a mother sometimes withhold investment in a current fetus?

  • To ensure the survival of the current fetus.
  • To increase the chances of future reproduction. (correct)
  • To maximize parental investment in the current offspring.
  • To promote kin selection among siblings.

In the Bruce Effect, why might a pregnant animal get rid of the baby?

  • To save investments and benefits. (correct)
  • To show dominance over other animals.
  • To provide more resources to the siblings.
  • To enhance cooperation within the family.

What can lead parents to increase sibling competition according to the text?

  • Low relatedness to siblings.
  • Abundance of resources covering all offspring.
  • Lack of parental intervention.
  • Scarcity of resources available for all offspring. (correct)

Why might parents sometimes promote competition between siblings?

<p>To prepare them for resource-scarce environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should parents withhold investment in current offspring according to the ultimate perspective?

<p>In species with low resources and low probability of survival or reproduction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why parents should promote competition among offspring?

<p>It prepares offspring for resource-scarce situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a reduction in certainty of paternity lead to differing interest in investment between mother and 'father'?

<p>Fathers may invest less when they are not certain of genetic relatedness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of mothers being selected to reassure paternity?

<p>Increased investment in offspring by both parents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From an evolutionary perspective, what does the ultimate level explanation provide for cooperation and conflict within families?

<p>Insight into the reasons behind cooperation and conflict based on relatedness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cost associated with living in groups, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased risk of infanticide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a reduction in predator pressure benefit animals living in groups?

<p>Leads to dilution and a selfish herd mentality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might mothers be selected to reassure paternity from an evolutionary perspective?

<p>To ensure more investment from fathers in caring for offspring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of parent-offspring conflict?

<p>Monopolizing resources for current offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of parent-offspring conflict, why might offspring be selected to monopolize resources?

<p>Especially when siblings have relatedness coefficient (r) less than 0.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Weaning Conflict' primarily concerned with?

<p>Balancing benefits and costs between parents and offspring during weaning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the perspective of weaning age, what does 'time cutting the resources of the cost' refer to?

<p>Balancing the costs and benefits of weaning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of parent-offspring conflict, why do half-siblings play a significant role?

<p>They may have a relatedness coefficient (r) less than 0.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates conflict during the 'Period of Weaning Conflict'?

<p>Offspring resisting the reduction of parental resources during weaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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