Animal learning and behaviour (summary)

What is the main criticism about using speed as a measure of intelligence in animals?

What did Bitterman's experiments with systematically varied perceptual and motivational demands demonstrate?

What was the main finding of Garcia and Koelling's experiment with rats?

What is the main challenge in comparing the intelligence of different animal species?

What is the main difference between the concept of 'learning' and 'knowledge'?

What is the main reason why the Clark's nutcracker has a remarkable ability to remember food caches?

Vander Wall's research on the Clark's nutcracker highlights what aspect of animal intelligence?

What is the main reason why pigeons can learn to peck keys associated with specific photos?

What was ruled out as the reason for birds finding food through spatial location?

What maximum number of items can a subject perform subitizing tasks on?

According to Herrnstein et al., what ability do pigeons have?

Which of the following best describes innate categories?

What phenomenon occurs when there is a reduction in responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentation?

What was the result of Whitlow's study on rabbits in response to a loud tone?

What challenge do rats face when navigating a radial maze with more arms?

What is receptor fatigue?

What concept did Lloyd Morgan argue against regarding animal behavior?

Which principle is highlighted by Thorndike's law of effect?

What did Skinner contribute to the study of animal learning?

What do fixed interval schedules in operant conditioning entail?

In classical conditioning, what does the CS represent?

What is the primary focus of Watson's behaviorism?

What does the term 'survival of the fittest' relate to in the context of Darwin's theory?

What technique did Thorndike famously use to study animal intelligence?

What did Beatty & Shavalia (1980) find in their study with rats regarding retroactive interference?

According to Mackintosh's theory, what type of stimuli are animals most likely to pay attention to?

What role does consolidation play in long-term memory according to Hebb (1949)?

What do affective qualities refer to in the context of stimuli?

How does LePelley's theory describe the focus of attention in learning?

What phenomenon occurs when conditioned responding drops off to almost nothing after the conditioned stimulus is presented alone?

What is the re-presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone after a rest period that produces a conditioned response called?

What does the Pearce-Hall theory suggest about associative learning?

What was Duncan's (1949) finding regarding ECS and memory tasks?

In the context of learning, what does a generalisation gradient represent?

What does a lower conditioned responding due to a slight difference between the trained and presented conditioned response indicate?

What element does Wagner's theory focus on in terms of learning?

According to the foraging intelligence hypothesis, which brain region is suggested to correlate with certain behaviors in animals?

What does a higher cephalisation index imply about a species?

What does the principle of proper mass suggest about brain function?

Which hypothesis posits that social complexity drives the evolution of larger brains and cognitive abilities in animals?

What can be concluded about birds learning photographs?

How do circadian rhythms influence animal behavior?

What was the finding of Bolles & Lorge (1962) regarding rats raised with altered day cycles?

What uniquely demonstrates the ability of rats to remember time intervals?

What was discovered by Pfungst (1908) about Clever Hans?

What major conclusion did Meck & Church (1983) reach regarding rats in their study?

What did Brannon & Terrace (2000) demonstrate about monkeys?

What ability was shown by five-day-old chicks in the study by Rugani, Regotin, and Vallortigara (2007)?

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates deductive reasoning?

In the context of problem-solving, what is the primary difference between trial and error learning and reasoning?

How does piloting, as demonstrated by Cartwright and Collett's (1983) experiment with gerbils, differ from dead reckoning in navigation?

What potential flaw did Tolman, Ritchie, and Kalish (1946a) identify in their experiments aimed at demonstrating cognitive maps in rats?

How did Kohler (1925) challenge Thorndike's assertion that animals learn primarily through trial and error?

How does the experiment involving Betty the crow bending a wire to retrieve food challenge anthropomorphism?

What is the key distinction between inductive and deductive reasoning in problem-solving?

Considering Gillan and Premack's (1981) work with the chimpanzee Sarah, how does training an animal to use symbols relate to studying analogical reasoning?

What key linguistic abilities were demonstrated by the chimpanzee in the language study described?

What was Terrace's (1979) conclusion regarding language acquisition in chimpanzees, based on his analysis of 19,000 utterances?

According to Pepperberg (1992), what aspect of language is equally important as comprehension, as demonstrated by Alex the parrot?

In Premack's (1971) experiment, what was Sarah the chimpanzee required to do with symbols representing different words to receive a reward?

What specific abilities did Sarah demonstrate when learning 130 words in Premack's experiment??

How does the waggle dance of honeybees communicate the distance to a food source?

Which of Hockett's design features of language is best illustrated by a dog barking at an intruder?

How does evidence from Vervet monkey alarm calls challenge the idea that animal communication is solely instinctive?

What aspect of language does Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (LAD) primarily address?

In the study with Washoe, what primary method was used to teach her American Sign Language (ASL)?

Which of Hockett's design features of language is best illustrated by Washoe signing about a cat she had previously?

How does the concept of 'arbitrariness' in language, as defined by Hockett, apply to animal communication systems?

According to Macphail's view on animal intelligence, how do non-human animals compare to humans?