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في نظرية إريكسون، مرحلة تطور الهوية تحدث بين المراهقة وبداية النضج.
False
التكيفات هي نتيجة للاختيار الطبيعي.
False
التطابق الآمن بين الطفل والرعاة يساعد في تشكيل هويته بشكل أفضل.
False
العوامل البيئية دورها هام في نظرية إريكسون للتطور الشخصي.
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المجموعات النظرية لها دور فعال في تشكيل هوية المراهق.
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الثقة مقابل عدم الثقة مرحلة تعتمد على قدرة من يهتم بالطفل على التنشئة.
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نظرية إريكسون للتطور النفسي تركز على فهم الحالات السلوكية من منظور تطوري.
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علم النفس التطوري يقترح أن لدى البشر آليات نفسية مصممة لحل مشاكل لقائهم.
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الانتقاء الطبيعي يقول أن الصفات التي تزيد فرص الكائنات على البقاء والتكاثر ستصبح أقل شيوعا مع مرور الوقت.
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لدى البشر هياكل عقلية تشمل الغرائز والعواطف وقدرات التعلم.
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نظرية إريكسون لا تتناول التطور الاجتماعي في طور نمو الهوية.
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الهياكل العقلية تطورت تحت تأثير اختيار طبيعي لحل المشاكل التاريخية التي واجهها أسلافنا.
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Study Notes
Evolutionary Psychology and Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Evolutionary psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on understanding behavioral traits from an evolutionary perspective. It explores how natural selection shapes behavior and cognition. On the other hand, Erikson's psychosocial theory focuses on human development across the entire life span, describing the stages of growth, including identity development. Both evolutionary psychology and Erikson's theory contribute significantly to our understanding of human behavior.
Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary psychology posits that mental structures evolved under the influence of natural selection to solve ancestral problems of survival and reproduction. It suggests that humans have psychological mechanisms designed to solve problems that our ancestors faced during their evolution. These mental structures include instincts, emotions, learning capacities, and other aspects of human behavior.
Natural Selection
Natural selection is a key concept in evolutionary psychology. It states that traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction will become more common over time. For example, individuals with physical features that made them better hunters (e.g., larger muscles) passed on their genes more frequently, leading to a higher proportion of offspring with similar traits. This process continues until most members of the population possess these advantageous traits.
Adaptations
Adaptations are the result of natural selection, where an individual has a trait that increases its reproductive success in a particular environment. Different species have different adaptations depending on their ecological niches. For humans, these might include language development, tool use, or cooperative behavior, all of which have contributed to our survival and success.
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Erik Erikson was an American psychoanalyst who developed a psychosocial theory of personality development that emphasizes the importance of cultural and environmental factors. His model describes eight stages of development from infancy to old age, each characterized by a unique developmental challenge.
Identity Development
Identity development refers to the process by which individuals learn about themselves and form a sense of self. In Erikson's theory, identity formation occurs between adolescence and early adulthood. During this period, individuals strive to find their place in society and establish themselves as competent adults.
Social Influences
Erikson's theory also emphasizes the importance of social interactions in shaping personality development. The stage of Trust vs. Mistrust, for instance, depends on the caregiver's nurturing ability. Additionally, peer groups play a crucial role in adolescent development, influencing identity formation and the resolution of subsequent psychosocial crises.
Attachment Theory
Attachment theory focuses on the emotional connections between individuals, particularly children and their primary caregivers. Erik Erikson included aspects of attachment theory in his psychosocial development theory by emphasizing how secure attachments facilitate better self-esteem, trust, autonomy, and identity formation during childhood and adolescence.
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Description
Explore the concepts of evolutionary psychology and Erikson's psychosocial theory in this quiz. Learn about natural selection, adaptations, identity development, and social influences in human behavior and development. Enhance your understanding of how evolutionary principles and psychosocial stages shape our cognition and personality.
