SN Macroevolution part 1 Study Guide Quiz
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Questions and Answers

According to the biological species concept, a species is defined as a group of natural populations that...

  • share common physical characteristics
  • are isolated from each other geographically
  • either actually or potentially interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other such groups (correct)
  • have similar genotypes in a population
  • Ernst Mayr is attributed to which concept of defining a species?

  • Morphological species concept
  • Ecological species concept
  • Biological species concept (correct)
  • Geographical species concept
  • According to the biological species concept, members of a species...

  • have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring (correct)
  • possess identical genotypes
  • can interbreed with members of other populations
  • are physically identical
  • Dr. Gillooly pointed out that the definition of a 'species' is...

    <p>a human construct, and there are many other definitions of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ernst Mayr contribute to the scientific community?

    <p>He defined the biological species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from the biological species concept, what are the other two definitions of species discussed in the textbook?

    <p>The morphological species concept and lineage species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the biological species concept, what is a key criterion for defining a species?

    <p>Reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the morphological species concept?

    <p>Body shape, size, and structural features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge of the morphological species concept?

    <p>Inapplicable to fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of barrier prevents mating due to differences in mating activity or rituals?

    <p>Behavioral isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do postzygotic barriers include?

    <p>Reduced hybrid viability and fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the morphological species concept primarily use to identify fossil species?

    <p>Body structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of barrier prevents species from interbreeding due to differences in sperm and egg cell morphology?

    <p>Gametic isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lineage species concept primarily based on?

    <p>DNA analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a prezygotic reproductive barrier?

    <p>Differences in mating rituals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to allopatric speciation?

    <p>Small population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of postzygotic reproductive isolation?

    <p>Sterility in mules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What explains how a single lineage can split into two reproductively isolated species through genetic mutation and divergence?

    <p>The Dobzhansky-Muller model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to increase as species diverge genetically?

    <p>Reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of speciation occurs when part of a population is geographically isolated?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a species pair that exemplifies allopatric speciation?

    <p>Hawaiian fruit flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in allopatric speciation?

    <p>Cessation of gene flow between populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympatric speciation is more common in which type of organisms?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism can lead to sympatric speciation?

    <p>Behavioral change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polyploidy?

    <p>Individuals with more than one copy of the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates sympatric speciation due to behavioral change?

    <p>Apple maggot flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is adaptive radiation?

    <p>The rapid evolution of diverse phenotypes from a common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, which trait is an example of adaptive radiation?

    <p>Skin color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the red queen hypothesis propose?

    <p>Species must evolve to maintain the same fitness level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted significant research on the symbiotic relationship between acacia trees and ants?

    <p>Dr. Todd Palmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allopatric speciation involves the cessation of gene flow between populations, hindering speciation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympatric speciation occurs when species arise from a connected population, more common in plants than previously believed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two causes of sympatric speciation include polyploidy and behavioral change.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polyploidy, more common in plants, results in individuals with more than one copy of the genome and leads to genetic isolation and the propagation of a new species.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympatric speciation by behavioral change in animals occurs when offspring return to the place they were born to mate, leading to the formation of a new population and a new species.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive radiation, such as the evolution of cichlid fishes and Hawaiian silversword plants, involves the rapid evolution of diverse phenotypes from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive radiation in humans includes the evolution of skin color, freckles, eye color, and hair texture under different environmental conditions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coevolution refers to the shared evolutionary influence between two species in the same environment, as seen in the relationship between acacia trees and ants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'evolutionary arms race' comes from the idea that evolutionary pressures by one organism can influence the evolution of another.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The red queen hypothesis states that different species are coevolving, and one species must continue to evolve to survive, based on a quote from Lewis Carroll's 'Through the Looking Glass.'

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to sympatric speciation?

    <p>Polyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of adaptive radiation in humans?

    <p>Evolution of skin color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'red queen hypothesis' propose?

    <p>b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Modes of Speciation and Evolutionary Processes

    • Allopatric speciation involves the cessation of gene flow between populations, hindering speciation.
    • Sympatric speciation occurs when species arise from a connected population, more common in plants than previously believed.
    • Two causes of sympatric speciation include polyploidy and behavioral change.
    • Polyploidy, more common in plants, results in individuals with more than one copy of the genome and leads to genetic isolation and the propagation of a new species.
    • Sympatric speciation by behavioral change in animals occurs when offspring return to the place they were born to mate, leading to the formation of a new population and a new species.
    • Examples of sympatric speciation include apple maggot flies and Sakai salmon due to behavioral changes.
    • Adaptive radiation, such as the evolution of cichlid fishes and Hawaiian silversword plants, involves the rapid evolution of diverse phenotypes from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions.
    • Adaptive radiation in humans includes the evolution of skin color, freckles, eye color, and hair texture under different environmental conditions.
    • Coevolution refers to the shared evolutionary influence between two species in the same environment, as seen in the relationship between acacia trees and ants.
    • The "evolutionary arms race" comes from the idea that evolutionary pressures by one organism can influence the evolution of another.
    • The red queen hypothesis states that different species are coevolving, and one species must continue to evolve to survive, based on a quote from Lewis Carroll's "Through the Looking Glass."
    • Dr. Todd Palmer has conducted significant research on the symbiotic relationship between acacia trees and ants.

    Modes of Speciation and Evolutionary Processes

    • Allopatric speciation involves the cessation of gene flow between populations, hindering speciation.
    • Sympatric speciation occurs when species arise from a connected population, more common in plants than previously believed.
    • Two causes of sympatric speciation include polyploidy and behavioral change.
    • Polyploidy, more common in plants, results in individuals with more than one copy of the genome and leads to genetic isolation and the propagation of a new species.
    • Sympatric speciation by behavioral change in animals occurs when offspring return to the place they were born to mate, leading to the formation of a new population and a new species.
    • Examples of sympatric speciation include apple maggot flies and Sakai salmon due to behavioral changes.
    • Adaptive radiation, such as the evolution of cichlid fishes and Hawaiian silversword plants, involves the rapid evolution of diverse phenotypes from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions.
    • Adaptive radiation in humans includes the evolution of skin color, freckles, eye color, and hair texture under different environmental conditions.
    • Coevolution refers to the shared evolutionary influence between two species in the same environment, as seen in the relationship between acacia trees and ants.
    • The "evolutionary arms race" comes from the idea that evolutionary pressures by one organism can influence the evolution of another.
    • The red queen hypothesis states that different species are coevolving, and one species must continue to evolve to survive, based on a quote from Lewis Carroll's "Through the Looking Glass."
    • Dr. Todd Palmer has conducted significant research on the symbiotic relationship between acacia trees and ants.

    Modes of Speciation and Evolutionary Processes

    • Allopatric speciation involves the cessation of gene flow between populations, hindering speciation.
    • Sympatric speciation occurs when species arise from a connected population, more common in plants than previously believed.
    • Two causes of sympatric speciation include polyploidy and behavioral change.
    • Polyploidy, more common in plants, results in individuals with more than one copy of the genome and leads to genetic isolation and the propagation of a new species.
    • Sympatric speciation by behavioral change in animals occurs when offspring return to the place they were born to mate, leading to the formation of a new population and a new species.
    • Examples of sympatric speciation include apple maggot flies and Sakai salmon due to behavioral changes.
    • Adaptive radiation, such as the evolution of cichlid fishes and Hawaiian silversword plants, involves the rapid evolution of diverse phenotypes from a common ancestor under new environmental conditions.
    • Adaptive radiation in humans includes the evolution of skin color, freckles, eye color, and hair texture under different environmental conditions.
    • Coevolution refers to the shared evolutionary influence between two species in the same environment, as seen in the relationship between acacia trees and ants.
    • The "evolutionary arms race" comes from the idea that evolutionary pressures by one organism can influence the evolution of another.
    • The red queen hypothesis states that different species are coevolving, and one species must continue to evolve to survive, based on a quote from Lewis Carroll's "Through the Looking Glass."
    • Dr. Todd Palmer has conducted significant research on the symbiotic relationship between acacia trees and ants.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of speciation and evolutionary processes with this quiz. Explore concepts such as allopatric and sympatric speciation, polyploidy, behavioral change, adaptive radiation, coevolution, the "evolutionary arms race," and the red queen hypothesis. Learn about notable examples and the research of Dr. Todd Palmer on the symbiotic relationship between acacia trees and ants.

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