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Questions and Answers
What is the term for long periods of stasis followed by sudden episodes of speciation?
What is the term for long periods of stasis followed by sudden episodes of speciation?
- Gradualistic model
- Sequence heterochrony
- Punctuated equilibrium (correct)
- Phenotypic stasis
What key genetic process can change phenotype but maintain function?
What key genetic process can change phenotype but maintain function?
- Mutations in hox genes
- Polyploidy (correct)
- Alteration of genes controlling organism structure
- Heterochrony
What does heterochrony refer to?
What does heterochrony refer to?
- Two types of speciation
- Long periods of stasis
- Phenotypic stasis
- Changes in developmental timing or sequence (correct)
What is a continuous process that can occur in rapid bursts known as mass extinction events?
What is a continuous process that can occur in rapid bursts known as mass extinction events?
What occurred when there was an adaptive radiation of mammals?
What occurred when there was an adaptive radiation of mammals?
What is the term for changes in developmental timing or sequence?
What is the term for changes in developmental timing or sequence?
What key genetic process can change phenotype but maintain function?
What key genetic process can change phenotype but maintain function?
What is the term for changes in the rate of development or growth?
What is the term for changes in the rate of development or growth?
What controls the rate of speciation?
What controls the rate of speciation?
What key genetic process can change phenotype but maintain function?
What key genetic process can change phenotype but maintain function?
What (might have) occurred to cause the Permian mass extinction event?
What (might have) occurred to cause the Permian mass extinction event?
What is the term for long periods of stasis followed by sudden episodes of speciation?
What is the term for long periods of stasis followed by sudden episodes of speciation?
What is a key developmental process that can change phenotype but maintain function?
What is a key developmental process that can change phenotype but maintain function?
What is the term for the crown of eukaryotes that underwent rapid divergences?
What is the term for the crown of eukaryotes that underwent rapid divergences?
What is the term for a change in the time of appearance of a structure?
What is the term for a change in the time of appearance of a structure?
What is a continuous process that can occur in rapid bursts known as mass extinction events?
What is a continuous process that can occur in rapid bursts known as mass extinction events?
What key genetic process contributes to the diversity of species through changes in organism structure?
What key genetic process contributes to the diversity of species through changes in organism structure?
What key factor drives the rate of innovation in the context of speciation?
What key factor drives the rate of innovation in the context of speciation?
What is the term for the change in the rate of development or growth?
What is the term for the change in the rate of development or growth?
The three things that impact rates of selection are:
The three things that impact rates of selection are:
The Cretaceous extinction may have been caused by a meteor.
The Cretaceous extinction may have been caused by a meteor.
A Mass extinction event is defined as an event in which 30% or more of species are lost.
A Mass extinction event is defined as an event in which 30% or more of species are lost.
Evolution is defined as:
Evolution is defined as:
Natural selection is defined as:
Natural selection is defined as:
What are 3 basic elements of speciation?
What are 3 basic elements of speciation?
Natural selection can act on structures currently in place for another use, or it can create features for a needed use.
Natural selection can act on structures currently in place for another use, or it can create features for a needed use.
What are the 2 types of heterochrony?
What are the 2 types of heterochrony?
Sequence heterochrony is the change in the time of appearance of a structure.
Sequence heterochrony is the change in the time of appearance of a structure.
Extinction is a continuous process, always occurring at some background rate due to chance and natural selection.
Extinction is a continuous process, always occurring at some background rate due to chance and natural selection.
Environmental change is not one of the factors that impacts rates of extinction.
Environmental change is not one of the factors that impacts rates of extinction.
"Mass Extinction" is when extinction occurs in significant, rapid bursts.
"Mass Extinction" is when extinction occurs in significant, rapid bursts.
Current extinction rates are up to 1,000 times higher than the fossil record.
Current extinction rates are up to 1,000 times higher than the fossil record.
Projected future extinction rates are > 10 times the current extinction rates.
Projected future extinction rates are > 10 times the current extinction rates.
How many mass extinction events were indicated in the class lecture?
How many mass extinction events were indicated in the class lecture?
What informs us about mass extinctions that occurred long ago?
What informs us about mass extinctions that occurred long ago?
Study Notes
Speciation and Evolution
- Punctuated equilibrium refers to long periods of stasis followed by sudden episodes of speciation.
- Gene duplication is a key genetic process that can change phenotype but maintain function.
Developmental Biology
- Heterochrony refers to changes in developmental timing or sequence.
- Heterotony refers to changes in the rate of development or growth.
Mass Extinction
- Mass extinction events are periods of significant, rapid extinction, where 30% or more of species are lost.
- Extinction is a continuous process, always occurring at some background rate due to chance and natural selection.
- Environmental change, chance, and natural selection are the three factors that impact rates of extinction.
- Current extinction rates are up to 1,000 times higher than the fossil record.
- Projected future extinction rates are > 10 times the current extinction rates.
Evolutionary Processes
- Adaptive radiation of mammals occurred after the Cretaceous extinction event.
- Evolution is defined as the change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.
- Natural selection is defined as the process by which the best-adapted individuals in a population are more likely to survive and reproduce.
- The three basic elements of speciation are geographical isolation, genetic change, and reproductive isolation.
Types of Heterochrony
- There are two types of heterochrony: sequence heterochrony and rate heterochrony.
- Sequence heterochrony is the change in the time of appearance of a structure.
Fossil Record and Extinction Events
- The fossil record informs us about mass extinctions that occurred long ago.
- There were 5 mass extinction events indicated in the class lecture.
- The Permian mass extinction event may have been caused by a combination of factors, including a meteor impact.
- The Cretaceous extinction may have been caused by a meteor impact.
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Description
Test your knowledge of macroevolution, speciation, and extinction in this quiz. Explore concepts covered in the BSC2010 course and delve into topics relevant to the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates.
