Evolutionary Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the goal of evolutionary classification?

The goal of evolutionary classification is to group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent, rather than overall similarities and differences.

The _____________ the ____________ is, the farther ______________ back in time all its ________________ shared a common ______________.

larger, taxon, back, members, ancestor

Why do some taxa fail the 'clade test'?

Certain taxa fail the 'clade test' because they include species descended from more than one different ancestor.

Looking at Figure 19-6, what is the closest related species to crocodiles?

<p>Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What derived characters do coyotes and lions share and what clades are they in? What derived character is not shared?

<p>Coyotes and lions share shearing teeth (Carnivora), hair (Mammalia), four limbs (Tetrapoda). Retractable claws (Felidae) are not shared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Looking at Figure 19-8, for which clade is an amniotic egg a derived character? Is the duck-billed platypus a member of the clade Amniota? Explain.

<p>Clade Amniota; yes, the platypus is a member of Amniota because it is a mammal, and all mammals are part of clade Amniota.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A true clade must contain and exclude?

<p>A true clade must contain an ancestral species and all of its descendants, with no exceptions. It must exclude all species that are not descendants of the original ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a clade and a class?

<p>A clade includes an ancestral species and all its descendants. A class is a group of closely related orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are DNA sequences used in classification?

<p>In general, the more derived genetic characters two species share, the more recently they shared a common ancestor and the more closely they are related in evolutionary terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA analysis useful for classification?

<p>DNA analysis is useful for classification because it helps to make evolutionary trees accurate, as scientists cannot always determine the relationship between species based on physical characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cladograms are ____________________ presentations of _____________________________ about ________________________________, and are not ____________________.

<p>Visual, hypotheses, relationships, final</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tree of life show?

<p>The tree of life illustrates current hypotheses regarding evolutionary relationships among the taxa within the three domains of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Looking at Figure 19-12, which of the six kingdoms contains organisms that are not all in the same clade?

<p>Kingdom 'Protista' or Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why isn't the kingdom 'Protists' a valid clade?

<p>Protists are not a valid clade because they do not fit into one single clade with an exclusive common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the circular model of the diversity of life a better representation of the living world?

<p>The circular model of the diversity of life is better because it provides a truer representation of the full diversity we know exists among living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The family Camillidae includes camels and llamas. Do all the living members of the family form a clade?

<p>No, the clade that includes camels and llamas must include their most recent common ancestor. The ancestor lived in the distant past and is now extinct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evolutionary Classification

  • The purpose is to classify species into larger groups based on evolutionary history, instead of mere physical similarities.
  • Groups reflect evolutionary descent, indicating common ancestry among species.

Taxon and Ancestor Relationship

  • Larger taxon indicates a more distant common ancestor for its members.
  • Each taxon represents a group of species sharing a specific lineage.

Clade Test

  • Some taxa fail the "clade test" because they contain species that descend from multiple ancestors, making them non-monophyletic.

Closest Relatives to Crocodiles

  • Birds are identified as the closest living relatives to crocodiles.

Shared Derived Characters and Clades

  • Coyotes and lions share derived characters such as shearing teeth (carnivora), hair (mammalia), and four limbs (tetrapoda).
  • Coyotes and lions do not share retractable claws, which are specific to the clade Felidae.

Amniotic Egg and Platypus

  • An amniotic egg is a derived character for the clade Amniota.
  • The duck-billed platypus is part of Amniota because it is a mammal, which falls under this clade.

Components of a True Clade

  • A true clade includes an ancestral species along with all its descendants.
  • It must exclude any species not descended from that original ancestor.

Clade vs. Class

  • A clade is defined as an ancestral species and all its descendants.
  • A class is a broader category encompassing several related orders of organisms.

DNA Sequences in Classification

  • Similar derived genetic characters in two species suggest a recent common ancestor, highlighting close evolutionary relationships.

Importance of DNA Analysis

  • DNA analysis enhances the accuracy of evolutionary trees by clarifying relationships that may not be evident through physical characteristics alone.

Cladograms

  • Cladograms serve as visual representations of hypotheses regarding evolutionary relationships rather than definitive conclusions.

Tree of Life

  • The tree of life conveys current hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among all taxa categorized into the three life domains.

Kingdom "Protista"

  • The kingdom "Protista" comprises organisms that do not all belong to the same clade, indicating its lack of monophyly.

Validity of "Protista" as a Clade

  • "Protista" is considered invalid as a clade due to the absence of a single, exclusive common ancestor for its members.

Circular Model of Life's Diversity

  • The circular model accurately reflects the complex diversity of living organisms, representing their interconnections more effectively.

Family Camillidae and Clade Inclusion

  • The family Camillidae, which includes camels and llamas, does not form a complete clade because their recent common ancestor is extinct and must be considered for clade designation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on evolutionary classification concepts, focusing on taxon relationships, shared derived characters, and the clade test. Understand how species are grouped based on their evolutionary history and lineage. Discover interesting facts about the closest relatives of crocodiles and more.

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